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  3. In a country with a shrinking population, the latest trend in Germany’s higher education is something of a mystery: the number o

In a country with a shrinking population, the latest trend in Germany’s higher education is something of a mystery: the number o

admin2022-07-19  54
问题     In a country with a shrinking population, the latest trend in Germany’s higher education is something of a mystery: the number of universities and academic programs is rising. The growth is the sharpest for professional graduate schools, where the number has soared from practically zero in 2013 to 130 now, in fields ranging from law and business to clinical counseling and education. But there is one obvious problem: not enough students are signing up. The German government says that nearly half of professionally oriented programs, aside from law schools, have yet to fill their stated student capacity. And the problem has been especially acute in graduate programs in education.
    Interest in many professional schools has been less than overwhelming, said Markus Zimmermann, an executive senior consultant at the Germany Research Institute in Berlin, which is affiliated with Berliner Banking Corp. "German universities tend to roll out programs without having a good grasp of the needs in the marketplace," said Mr. Zimmermann, who watches Germany’s higher education. "When they start a program, they assume there will be students."
    In German, the need for graduate programs seems undeniable: lifetime employment is crumbling, employers are spending less time and money to train young workers, and social problems are becoming more complex, increasing the need for experts. Setting up graduate programs in education was the universities’ answer to a growing dissatisfaction with the primary and secondary school system.
    With the accreditation of the Ministry of Education, 19 universities launched professionally oriented graduate programs in teacher education, seeking approximately 700 students in total. Seven more schools introduced similar programs a year later. During the first year, 8 of the 19 original institutions fell short of the target enrollment—some by far: two schools managed to recruit only half of the target numbers of students. A ministry assessment completed shortly afterward said the schools lacked proper marketing methods and had failed to clearly state the practical benefits of receiving graduate diplomas.
    Some schools are taking their own measures to increase enrollment. They have gone around visiting undergraduate departments giving explanatory sessions and did what they could to let people know about their problems. The graduate school has also been placing an emphasis on practical training, for example, sending students to teach at local primary and secondary schools. Students teach lessons at local schools, videotape the classes and then bring the tapes back for evaluation with other students. Then they feed the solutions back to the classes. A number of graduate students have had years of teaching experience before coming to the graduate programs, and generally held positive views about the in-class training.
What led to establishment of graduate programs in education in German universities?
选项 A、The crumbling of lifetime employment.
B、The less employment training.
C、The even more complex social problems.
D、The discontent with primary and secondary education.
答案D
解析 本题关键词是establishment of graduate programs，问题是：德国大学开设教育行业的研究生课程的起因是什么?可以定位到原文第三段第二句。第三段第二句指出，大学为了解决人们对中小学教育体制日益增长的不满，启动了教育行业的研究生课程。选项D“对中小学教育的不满(discontent with primary and secondary education)”与原文的“对中小学教育体制日益增长的不满(dissatisfaction)”属于相同含义，是正确选项。选项A “crumbling of lifetime employment”、选项B “less employment training”和选项C “even more complex social problems”可以定位到原文第三段的第一句话，德国对研究生课程的需求(the need for graduate programs)是毋庸置疑的：随着终身雇佣制逐渐土崩瓦解，雇主不愿再花费太多时间与金钱对年轻员工进行培训，社会问题也变得更加复杂，这些都增加了对各类专业人士的需求。这三个选项都与原文内容相符，但原文这句话是指出设置研究生课程的必要性，与本题所问的“原因”无关。属于答非所问。第三段：德国开设研究生课程的原因。
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