2. 外语
  3. Before the 1870’s trained nurses were virtually unknown in the United States. Hospital nursing was an unskilled occupation, tak

Before the 1870’s trained nurses were virtually unknown in the United States. Hospital nursing was an unskilled occupation, tak

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问题     Before the 1870’s trained nurses were virtually unknown in the United States. Hospital  nursing was an unskilled occupation, taken up by women of the lower classes, some of whom were enlisted (招募)from the penitentiary (感化院)or the alms house. The movement for reform originated not with doctor, but among upper-class women, who had taken on the role of guardians of a new hygienic(卫生学的)order. Though some doctors approved of the women’s desire to establish a nurses’ training school, which would attract the daughters of the middle class, other medical men were opposed. Plainly threatened by the prospect, they objected that educated nurses would not do as they were told--a remarkable comment on the status anxiety of nineteenth-century physicians. But the women reformers did not depend on the physicians’ approval. When resisted, as they were at Bellevue in efforts to install trained nurses in the maternity wards, they went over the heads of the doctors to men of their own class of greater power and authority. ( Florence Nightingale, who had friends high in the government, had followed exactly the same course in the reforming her country’s military hospitals). Professional nursing, in short, emerged neither from medical discoveries nor from a program of hospital reform initiated by physicians; outsiders saw the need first.
Why does the author mention Florence Nightingale?
选项 A、To describe the career of a pioneer of nursing education.
B、To show that women doctors supported the effort to upgrade nursing.
C、To prove that conditions differed in military and civilian hospitals.
D、To show the similarity of her means to those used by United States reformers.
答案D
解析 细节题。从第七句括号中的内容“Florence Nightingale…had followed exactly the same course in the reforming her country’s military hospitals”可以推断出。
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