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  3. 莎士比亚时期的戏剧 ——2018年英译汉及详解 Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in th

莎士比亚时期的戏剧 ——2018年英译汉及详解 Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in th

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问题 莎士比亚时期的戏剧
    ——2018年英译汉及详解
Shakespeare’ s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. (46) By the date of his birth, Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school, organization of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment, and (47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might vet bring honor to England.
When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public play house was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’ s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court. (48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lily, Peele and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kid had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage— where they had paled no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouse established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
The development of the Elizabeth drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blessing, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great career. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire has survived.
【F2】
选项
答案所有去文法学校的人都知道戏剧是文学的一种形式，这种形式曾给希腊和罗马带来了荣耀，也可能会给英国带来荣誉。
解析 本句考查的重点是：定语从句和宾语从句。
    句子主干为no boy could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature，其中no和ignorant两个否定意义的词形成双重否定，表示肯定，可译为“所有人都知道……”。who引导定语从句，修饰boy；that引导宾语从句，修饰ignorant；which gave glory…and might yet bring…England是定语从句，修饰a form of literature。
    宾语从句that the drama was a form of literature顺译即可，译为“戏剧是文学的一种形式”。who went to grammar school是定语从句，修饰no boy，比较简短，可放在boy之前翻译。which引导的从句较长，可放在名词之后独立成句来译，可将which译为“这种形式”。
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