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  3. Surveillance is no longer the privilege of government agencies. It is privatized, decentralized—and often self-inflicted. Mobile

Surveillance is no longer the privilege of government agencies. It is privatized, decentralized—and often self-inflicted. Mobile

admin2019-08-08  49
问题    Surveillance is no longer the privilege of government agencies. It is privatized, decentralized—and often self-inflicted. Mobile phones trace where we go and with whom we communicate. Smartwatches measure heart rates and will soon start logging happiness and anger. 【F1】The resulting data are streamed over vulnerable networks to commercial servers; they may be used by advertising companies or shared on social networks.
   We are quick to blame naive users and careless software developers when personal data are compromised, but the truth is that prudent individual behaviour provides little protection from networked surveillance.
   【F2】So how can we lessen the inherent risks that "big data" pose for personal freedom, as billions of connected devices churn out personal data, and data protection by secrecy has become an illusion?
   We must remember that data protection is a means to an end, rather than a goal in itself. 【F3】We_do not protect data because the data would take harm; rather, we seek to protect the rights and well-being of individuals who might be harmed by certain uses of their data. This observation could hold the key to protecting personal freedom in a world of evaporating privacy. Finding ways to restrain harmful uses of personal data would make future data leaks and unguarded data sharing less of a threat.
   【F4】Strong anti-discrimination laws thus emerge as a cornerstone of personal freedom when data protection fails and secrecy is compromised by ubiquitous data sharing. The European Union’s Charter of Fundamental Rights shows that such protection is legally and politically achievable, prohibiting discrimination by "sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation". The Canadian Human Rights Act also provides relatively broad protection. But the situation is much more fragmented in the United States, and insufficient in Japan and large parts of the developing world.
   【F5】Scientists can contribute to ensuring that the loss of privacy through technology does not result in loss of personal freedom. First, they can credibly assess current and future privacy risks of new technologies and stress the need to move beyond the unsustainable concept of data protection by secrecy. Second, they should advocate for strong legal protection against discrimination around the world. Third, they should educate, advise and monitor, to make sure that facts—not fears—dominate the political debate.
【F4】
选项
答案随着数据保护失效以及数据共享的泛滥造成隐私暴露的问题，强有力的反歧视法律作为维护个人自由的基石应运而生。
解析 ①本句是包含一个时间状语从句的主从复合句。主句是一个主谓结构，as引导名词短语充当主语补足语，进一步说明Strong anti-discrimination laws的重要性。②时间状语从句中包含and连接的两个并列分句，后一分句是被动语态，by引导的介宾结构作方式状语，说明数据共享的泛滥使保密性处于劣势。
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