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  3. Government is an institution resulting from man’s group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent

Government is an institution resulting from man’s group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent

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问题     Government is an institution resulting from man’s group way of life which maintains a set of social controls in order to prevent chaos. In a small, homogeneous, simple society, these social controls can be imposed and enforced by the family or clan. But in a large, heterogeneous complex society, the institution of government takes over this function.
    For purposes of analysis, social control may be divided into moral control and political control. Moral control derives from the internalized beliefs and values of a society and regulations, each individual’s behavior without the use of outside enforcement. Political control does involve enforcement from the outside since the individual is not always certain that the rule he is following is just and right. He follows it to conform, to avoid punishment, or to receive social rewards.
    Political control is an outgrowth of moral control, and its effectiveness depends on the willingness of the members of society to accept the government’s authority as right and just. A government that is forced to coerce or threaten most of its members into accepting political control not backed with moral control will not survive long. In addition, a wide discrepancy between moral and political control will result in a condition of general lawlessness. Such a condition has occurred in the United States on several occasions and is now evident among some groups of society according to "The Roots of Lawlessness" by historian Henry Steele Commangaer.
    Government, a major social institution, may be viewed as a set of procedures by which a society realizes a good portion of its goals. Government is further unique as an institution because it serves to reinforce the function of other institutions. Thus, individuals violating the rules and regulations of the economic, educational, or family institutions must ultimately face the punitive power of government.
The institutionalized form of social control is______.
选项 A、commitment
B、power
C、authority
D、government
答案D
解析 本题考查细节理解。从文章首句可知，政府(government)是一种机构(institution)，它源自人们的群体生活方式，而这种生活方式包括各种社会控制(social control)……，换言之，政府是社会控制的机构化，故本题答案为选项D。
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