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  3. Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain’s National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by

Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain’s National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by

admin2021-01-06  44
问题     Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain’s National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to health-care is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giant. It is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1. 6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy.
    DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements— and there may be many—between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it "controlled" the data and DeepMind merely "processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.
    The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.
    The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that drugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as big pharma has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham’s report is a welcome start.
The author’ s attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is ______.
选项 A、ambiguous.
B、cautious.
C、appreciative.
D、contemptuous.
答案B
解析 文章第一段第三句提到，将科技成果应用于医疗保健的潜力非常大，但它也可能导致科技巨头对技术的进一步垄断。最后一段第四句也提到，利用公共资源研发出来的算法将归属于一个私人垄断企业。接着又提到，如果应用软件能以现有药物的规模拯救生命，那么可以寄望于大数据像大制药公司那样运作。而我们仍处于这场革命的起步阶段，现在所做的任何一个小的选择都可能会在日后产生深远的影响。所以为了避免未来的数字封建主义，我们需要进行长期的斗争。可见作者对于将科技和人工智能运用到医疗保健领域是很谨慎小心的。故选B。
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