2. 考研
  3. Bianca Sforza attracted few stares when introduced to the art world on January 30, 1998. She was just a pretty face in a frame t

Bianca Sforza attracted few stares when introduced to the art world on January 30, 1998. She was just a pretty face in a frame t

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问题     Bianca Sforza attracted few stares when introduced to the art world on January 30, 1998. She was just a pretty face in a frame to the crowd at a Christie’s auction in New York City. Nobody knew her name at the time, or the name of the artist who had made the portrait. The catalog listed the work—a colored chalk-and-ink drawing on vellum—as early 19th century and German, with borrowed Renaissance styling. A New York dealer, Kate Ganz, purchased the picture for $21, 850.
    The price hadn’t budged almost ten years later when a Canadian collector, Peter Silverman, saw Bianca’s profile in Ganz’s gallery and promptly bought it. The drawing might actually date from the Renaissance, he thought. Ganz herself had mentioned Leonardo da Vinci, that magical name, as an influence on the artist. Silverman came to wonder, "What if this is the work oi the great Leonardo himself?" That someone could walk into a gallery and buy a drawing that turns out to be a previously unknown Leonardo masterpiece, worth perhaps $100 million, seems pure urban myth. Discovery of a Leonardo is truly rare. At the time of Silverman’s purchase, it had been more than 75 years since the last authentication of one of the master’s paintings. There was no record that the creator of the "Mona Lisa" ever made a major work on vellum, no known copies, no preparatory drawings. If this image was an authentic Leonardo, where had it been hiding for500 years?
    Silverman emailed a digital image of Bianca to Martin Kemp. Emeritus professor of art history at Oxford University and a renowned Leonardo scholar, Kemp regularly receives images, sometimes two a week, from people he calls "Leonardo loonies," convinced they have discovered a new work. "My reflex is to say. No!" Kemp told me. But the "uncanny vitality" in the young woman’s face made him want a closer look. He flew to Zurich, where Silverman kept the drawing in a vault. At 13 by 9? inches, it is roughly the size of a legal pad. "When I saw it," Kemp said, "I experienced a kind of frisson, a feeling that this is not normal. "
    That initial shiver of excitement compelled Kemp to embark on his own investigation. He was aided by high-resolution multispectral scans by Pascal Cotte of Lumiere Technology in Paris, allowing Kemp to study the drawing’s layers from first strokes to later restorations. The more Kemp looked with his connoisseur’s eye, the more he saw what he considered evidence of Leonardo’s hand—how the hair bunched beneath the strings holding it in place, the beautiful modulation of colors, the precise lines. The expression conveyed Leonardo’s maxim that a portrait should reveal "motion of the mind. "
    Kemp also needed proof that the portrait had been made during Leonardo’s lifetime (1452 —1519) and that its historical particulars fit the artist’s biography. The velum, probably calfskin, had been carbon-dated, its origin placed somewhere between 1440 and 1650. Costume research revealed that the sitter belonged specifically to the Milanese court of the 1490s, with its fashion for elaborately bound hair. Leonardo lived in Milan during this time, accepting commissions for court portraits.
    Kemp’s detective work led him to a name, Bianca Sforza. An illegitimate daughter of the Duke of Milan, she was married in 1496 to Galeazzo Sanseverino, commander of the Milanese troops and a patron of Leonardo’s. Bianca was 13 or 14 at the time of the portrait. Tragically she died a few months later, likely from an ectopic pregnancy. Kemp named the drawing "La Bella Principessa," the beautiful princess.
    In 2010 Kemp and Cotte published their findings in a book. Several prominent Leonardo scholars a-greed, others were skeptical. Carmen Bambach, curator of drawings at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, was quoted as saying that the portrait simply "does not look like a Leonardo. " Doubt seemed to collect around the portrait’s sudden, almost miraculous appearance. Where had it come from?
    Kemp didn’t know. Then, almost like divine intervention, a message came from D. R. Edward Wright, emeritus professor of art history at the University of South Florida. Having followed the very public dispute, Wright suggested to Kemp, whom he had never met, that his answer might lie in the National Library of Poland in Warsaw, inside a book called the Sforziad.
    Funded by a National Geographic Society grant, Kemp and Cotte traveled to Warsaw. Cotte’s mac-rophotography revealed that a folio had been removed from the exact place in the Sforziad where a portrait would have been added. The moment arrived when they inserted a copy of Bianca’s portrait into the open book. It fitted perfectly. For Kemp, this was the clincher; "’La Bella Principessa’ was a one-off portrait by Leonardo that had gone into a book and then onto a shelf. "
What does the word "clincher" mean? Why was it said that "For Kemp, this was the clincher" in the last paragraph?
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答案Clincher means a fact that finally proves something. Because the copy of Bianea’s portrait fitted perfectly into the book Sforziad which proved that this portrait was made by Leonardo.
解析 词义理解题。最后一段第二句、第三句表明，Sforziad这本书中原本绘画肖像的那一页缺失了，而比安卡的肖像正好完美匹配缺失的部分。看到这个结果，凯普终于能够确认这副肖像是达.芬奇的手笔，即这是证实肖像是达.芬奇作品的关键，故clincher在句中表示“关键的、决定性的证据”。之所以说这句话，是因为凯普之前并没有决定性证据能证明他是对的。
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