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  3. Managing global organizations has been a business challenge for centuries. But the nature of the task is changing with the accel

Managing global organizations has been a business challenge for centuries. But the nature of the task is changing with the accel

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问题     Managing global organizations has been a business challenge for centuries. But the nature of the task is changing with the accelerating shift of economic activity from Europe and North America to markets in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. McKinsey Global Institute research suggests that 400 midsize emerging-market cities, many unfamiliar in the West, will generate nearly 40 percent of global growth over the next 15 years. The International Monetary Fund confirms that the ten fastest-growing economies during the years ahead will all be in emerging markets. Against this backdrop, continuing advances in information and communications technology have made possible new forms of international coordination within global companies and potential new ways for them to flourish in these fast-growing markets.
    There are individual success stories. IBM expects to earn 30 percent of its revenues in emerging markets by 2015, up from 17 percent in 2009. At Unilever, emerging markets make up 56 percent of the business already. And Aditya Birla Group, a multinational conglomerate based in India, now has operations in 40 countries and earns more than half its revenue outside India.
    But, overall, global organizations are struggling to adapt. A year ago, we uncovered a "globalization penalty": high-performing global companies consistently scored lower than more locally focused ones on several dimensions of organizational health. For example, the former were less effective at establishing a shared vision, encouraging innovation, executing "on the ground," and building relationships with governments and business partners. Equally arresting was evidence from colleagues in McKinsey’s strategy practice showing that global companies headquartered in emerging markets have been growing faster than counterparts headquartered in developed ones, even when both are operating on "neutral turf" emerging markets where neither is based (see "Parsing the growth advantage of emerging-market companies").
    Over the past year, we’ve tried to understand more clearly the challenges facing global organizations, as well as approaches that are helping some to thrive. Our work has included surveys and structured interviews with more than 300 executives at 17 of the world’s leading global organizations spanning a diverse range of sectors and geographies, a broader survey of more than 4,600 executives, and time spent working directly with the leaders of dozens of global organizations trying to address these issues.
    Clearly, no single organizational model is best for all companies handling the realities of rapid growth in emerging markets and round-the-clock global communications. That’s partly because the opportunities and challenges facing companies vary, depending on their business models. R&D-intensive companies, for example, are working to staff new research centers in the emerging world and to integrate them with existing operations. Firms focused on extracting natural resources are adapting to regulatory regimes that are evolving rapidly and sometimes becoming more interventionist. Consumer-oriented firms are facing sometimes-conflicting imperatives to tailor their businesses to local needs while maintaining consistent global processes.
What kind of the following companies does better in encouraging innovation?
选项 A、High-performing global companies.
B、Government-owned global organizations.
C、More locally focused organizations.
D、Companies based in developed markets.
答案C
解析 事实细节题。根据题干关键词encouraging innovation定位至第三段。该段第二句提及，高效的跨国企业的表现持续不如专注于本国市场的企业的表现；第三句则提及，前者在建立共同愿景、鼓励创新、当场执行以及与政府和商业伙伴建立关系等方面成效均较低：换言之，专注于本国市场的企业在鼓励创新方面成效较高，故C项为正确答案。由第三段第二、三句可推知，A项在鼓励创新方面不如专注于本国市场的公司做得好，故排除；B项和D项在原文并未明确提及，故排除。
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