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  3. Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any had behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Hams has

Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any had behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Hams has

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问题     Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any had behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Hams has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long term effects on the development of the. personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions. Ms Harris takes to bits the assumption which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.
    Ms Harris’s attack on the developmentalists’"nurture" argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?
    Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. Ms Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for.  Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxedly, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.
    Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms Harris argues, he keen to appear like their contemporaries. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood.  Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and people% child-rearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.
The word "ditched" in Para. 5 could best be replaced by "________".
选项 A、proved
B、ignored
C、understood
D、compared
答案B
解析 语义理解题。ditched出现在第四段第一句，这句话以Moreover起始，表明它是上一段内容的递进。既然第三段是说Ms Harris的结论的不足之处是缺少证据，那么这一段应该是说其结论的其他缺陷。第四段第二句：也许正如Ms Harris所说，年轻人看起来很像他们同辈的人。第三句的But进行转折说，在孩子还小的时候，家长会给孩子选择交往的伙伴；下文进一步说，人到中年就会更像他们的父母，就连他们抚养孩子的习惯也受到家长的影响。这些都是Ms Harris的结论中的不足之处。从以上分析可以看出，mum and dad对孩子的成长不但有影响，这种影响还是长期的。因此，选项 Bignored最符合文章语境，即父母的作用不能被完全忽视。
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