2. 外语
  3. To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s assertion(主张)that social change exists everywher

To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s assertion(主张)that social change exists everywher

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问题     To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s assertion(主张)that social  change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
    Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally.  A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle(航天飞机)and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire(失去控制的)and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use out technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed  to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain.  Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.
    Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert(声称) that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones(里程碑), particularly the industrial revolution. Yet when we ask why the industrial revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.
    In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly  as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The industrial revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods.  The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that peels the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
The passage is based on the author’s______.
选项 A、keen insight into the nature of technology
B、prejudiced criticism of the role of the industrial revolution
C、cautious analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers
D、exaggerated description of the negative consequences of technology
答案A
解析 主旨题。本题问的是：文章的主旨是关于______。纵观全文可知，作者认为技术的应用是社会变革的主要原因，技术不是天然存在的而是由人类创造的，但是技术有时也会给我们带来麻烦。作者同时也阐述了计算机技术对人类社会的巨大影响，因此作者以非常敏锐的视角，对技术的本质进行了分析，故选A 。
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大学英语四级

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