首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Audience of Writing Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the foll
Audience of Writing Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the foll
admin
2017-06-21
50
问题
Audience of Writing
Audience is a very important concept for writing. You need to analyze your audience in terms of the following aspects:
I. Your【T1】______ to your audience【T1】______
Through writing, you are making social【T2】______ with【T2】______
other members of the society.
II. Their【T3】______ of your subject【T3】______
This analysis is particularly valuable in【T4】______ writing.【T4】______
III. Their【T5】______ to the subject and your position in the writing【T5】______
This analysis is extremely important in【T6】______ writing.【T6】______
1. To those who agree
—【T7】______ the importance of your position【T7】______
2. To those who are【T8】______【T8】______
—address their【T9】______ as directly and fully as possible【T9】______
3. To those who disagree
—try to【T10】______ why they disagree【T10】______
There may be two main reasons for their disagreement:
1.【T11】______ of information or viewing the information differently【T11】______
2. personal, political or【T12】______ reasons【T12】______
Ways to【T13】______ their disagreement:【T13】______
1. For the former
—give them relevant information as【T14】______ as possible【T14】______
2. For the latter
—show your【T15】______ of them and address them accordingly【T15】______
【T7】
Audience of Writing
Good morning. Today we will talk about the audience of writing. Before you write something, you need to have a clear idea of the topic, the audience, and the purpose of your writing. In this lecture, we’ll concentrate on one of these elements, the audience. This is a very important concept for writing. The term audience usually refers to viewers of movies and TV shows and listeners of radio programs. Here we expand it to include readers of written materials or any discussions of writing activities. The importance of a keen awareness of your audience throughout the writing process can not be overemphasized. Audiences can be examined from three different perspectives:
1. Your social relations to your audience:
2. Your audience’s knowledge about your subject:
3. Your audience’s attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing.
Let’s discuss them one by one. Now, first point, analyze your audience in terms of your social relations. Whenever you write, you are interacting with other members of the society. Are you writing to a friend of yours? To a colleague? To the director of your business firm? To the admission office of an American college? In each situation, you have a different social relationship with your audience and this relationship has a definite impact on the shape of your writing. No one in his or her right mind would write a letter of application to the dean of the graduate school as if the dean was one of his or her buddies.
The second point, analyze your audience in terms of their knowledge of the subject you are writing about. This analysis is valuable particularly in informative and explanatory writing. Suppose you are writing a paper comparing the Mid-autumn Festival and Thanksgiving. How much knowledge would you assume your American readers already have about the Chinese holiday and how much about their own? Obviously, very little about the former and a whole lot about the latter. In such a paper, you need to take care not to bore your readers to death by telling them what they already know while leaving them tantalizingly unsatisfied about what they are so eager to learn. The emphasis here should be to show the striking differences and subtle parallels rather than to give exhaustively detailed information on each holiday.
Now, the third point, analyze your audience in terms of their attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. This analysis is vitally important in writing persuasive or argumentative essays, which is much more complex and challenging. In a persuasive essay you present reasons and arguments to convince your readers that they should accept a belief or to take a position or a specific action. For persuasive or argumentative writings, you can classify audiences into three groups: those who agree, those who are neutral or undecided, and those who disagree.
When writing to an audience who already sees eye to eye with you about a controversial issue, is there much you need to do? Not much. If you are addressing an audience who already shares your view about developing and mamtaining a mature and constructive relationship between China and the United States in the 21st century, all you need to do is restate why such a relationship is in the vital interests of both countries and of the whole world.
When writing to audiences who are neutral or undecided, you have the most to do and can hope to achieve a lot. Say you want to propose that a new financial aid system be established to help those bright students in rural and less prosperous areas of the country. You are concerned that with today’s new tuition policy and practice, those students will be priced out of a chance for the high education they deserve so much. Some people may be undecided because they have some doubts and concerns: Where does the money needed for such an aid come from? What are the specific standards whereby to award scholarships? Are there more fair and efficient alternative solutions? Once you find out why your audiences are undecided, you need to address their doubts and concerns as directly and fully as possible. You have a fairly good chance of winning them over when their questions are answered satisfactorily.
And audiences who disagree are the most difficult to write to. Different people disagree with you for different reasons. Some of them may have already given the issue a thought and have already made a choice: therefore, it is extremely difficult to change their minds. Others who disagree may not have had the time to think it over seriously.
There are two main possible reasons why your audiences may disagree with you: l. because they don’t have the "facts" or because they look at the same "facts" differently: 2. because they are influenced by their personal opinion, prejudice, and political or religious beliefs. Once you have found why they disagree, you can decide what is the best approach to such audiences. If it is a lack of information, your job is to give them the relevant historical as well as up to date information as accurately as possible. If it is for personal, political and religious reasons, you need to recognize them, understand them, and address them accordingly.
Now, we can see that audience awareness is so crucial to the success of your writing. In actual practice, you may need to analyze your audience in terms of three factors: social relations, knowledge, and viewpoints in order to decide the best approach for your writing. And in the next lecture, we’ll discuss the writing purpose and your role in the writing. Thanks for your attention!
选项
答案
restate
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/njsK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
"Artdoesnotsolveproblems,butmakesusawareoftheirexistence,"sculptorMagdalenaAbakanowiczhassaid.Artseducation,
Thedayswhenjournalismwaslimitedtoobtainingpressbriefingsandwritingfirsthandaccountofhappeningsinthe【M1】______
Issuesconcerninghumanlearningareamongthecriticaltopicsineducationalpsychology,childdevelopment,andcognitivescie
Pre-courseLectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945"Tolearnthelectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945",somepointsshouldb
Pre-courseLectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945"Tolearnthelectureof"AmericanNovelSince1945",somepointsshouldb
KeytoGoodLanguageLearningTolearnalanguagemoreeffectively,languagelearnersshouldhaveaccesstoresourcesorop
HowtoBeFluentToday,wewilltalkaboutthewaysofbeingfluentwhenspeakingasecondlanguage.I.Animportantstep—thin
随机试题
关于EIA竞争法叙述正确的是
患者,男性,25岁。电脑工程师。因发现大便呈黑色1天伴乏力就诊。黑粪呈柏油样,黏稠而且发亮。无腹痛,无发热。既往身体健康。查体:神志清,皮肤巩膜无黄染,心肺(-),全腹软,剑突下轻压痛,无反跳痛,肝脾肋下未及,移浊(-),肠鸣正常。该患者诊断上消化道出
A.“上以疗君亲之疾,下以救贫贱之厄”B.“若有疾厄来求救者,不得问其贵贱贫富、长幼妍媸、怨亲善友、华夷愚智,普同一等,皆如至亲之想……”C.“病人对某些科学研究拒绝参加时,绝对不能使医生和病人之间的关系受到影响或妨碍”D.“
股份有限公司按规定注销库存股时,对于被注销库存股的账面价值超过股票面值总额的差额,应依次冲减的项目是()。
甲公司与2020年2月1日从股票二级市场上购入乙企业的股票200万股,实际支付价款500万元,同时支付相关交易费用5万元,甲公司将其作为交易性金融资产核算。2020年末该股票的公允价值为510万元,甲公司2020年对该交易性金融资产应确认的公允价值变动收益
精益管理要求企业的各项活动都必须运用“精益思维”。“精益思维”的核心就是以最小资源投入,包括人力、设备、资金、材料、时间和空间,创造出尽可能多的价值,为顾客提供新产品和及时的服务。根据上述定义,下列符合精益管理理念的是:
教育研究课题的基本类型包括()。
Whichofthefollowingiswithinthecapacityoftheartificialnosebeingdeveloped?
Whatdotheythinkadoctorshouldbe?
Atrendamongmanycollegesanduniversitiesistooffercoursesthatareslightlyoffthebeatentrack.Manyofthesecoursesd
最新回复
(
0
)