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  3. Let’s say you’re working toward a goal. Maybe it’s to cut out junk food, budget better or stop looking at your phone so much. Ch

Let’s say you’re working toward a goal. Maybe it’s to cut out junk food, budget better or stop looking at your phone so much. Ch

admin2022-05-13  99
问题     Let’s say you’re working toward a goal. Maybe it’s to cut out junk food, budget better or stop looking at your phone so much. Chances are, the first thing you think to yourself is something along the lines of, "OK, I just really need to eat more vegetables／save $10,000／put down the damn phone after 8 p. m. "
    In other words, you think willpower will help you to achieve the goal. A firm determination will get you to the finish line. But what if willpower wasn’t all that you needed? In fact, what if you didn’t actually need willpower at all? As it turns out, willpower is far from positive panacea we often see it as. It doesn’t always work. And what’s more, we often run out of it sooner rather than later.
    Often interchangeable with the term " self-control," willpower can be thought of as " mental strength or energy," explained Denise Cummins, a cognitive scientist who researches decision-making and thinking. Like physical strength or energy, willpower can be built up—but it also can be depleted.
    Trying to commit to a drastic change and relying on willpower alone won’t work out, Cummins said. This helps explain why only 8％ of people keep their New Year’s resolutions. That’s because we often view it as something we don’t have much of in the first place, which sets us up for failure. One 2010 study found that working adults and college students who believed that willpower was a limited resource were more likely to give into temptation under stress.
    On top of that, willpower only works well when your motivation is high, so basically when you’re just starting out, Cummins said. But as you come across more and more temptations that work against your goals as time goes on—i. e., the free pizza at work, a new purse or the lure of Insta-gram—your willpower rapidly starts to dissipate.
    Plus, temptation is literally everywhere these days. "There’s no way around the fact that as humans in today’s world, we’re constantly swimming upstream against countless distractions, explained Brad Stulberg, a researcher, wellness coach and author of " The Passion Paradox. " "There’s an ongoing attack of junk food and junk content, and if you’re constantly bending your willpower muscle against all those things, it’s going to constantly deplete. "
    The bottom line: While willpower can certainly play a helpful role in reaching a goal—at least when we’re highly motivated—it’s just not enough on its own. "Self-control" isn’t the answer. Instead, there are a few ways to "hack" yourself so you can better achieve your goals, whatever they might be.  
What does the underlined word "depleted" (Last line, Para. 3) mean?
选项 A、Made up.
B、Used up.
C、Broken up.
D、Brought up.
答案B
解析 词义题。根据题干提示，可定位至第三段最后一句Like physical strength or energy， willpower can be built up—but it also can be depleted. 该句由but一词形成转折，depleted应该与之前的built up“逐步增强”形成反义关系。made up意为“化妆，占据，弥补，编造”；used up意为“用尽，耗尽”；broken up意为“分手，破裂”；brought up意为“养育，提出”。只有B项中的“用尽”的含义与原文较为接近，并且与第二段最后一句中run out of“耗尽”相呼应。因此本题答案为B项。
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