首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How does food affect mood and mind? The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurot
How does food affect mood and mind? The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurot
admin
2016-04-30
56
问题
How does food affect mood and mind? The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurotransmitters (神经传递素) are chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitter molecules from one neuron and their attachment to receptor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving.
Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain, for example, the pain you feel when you stub (踢碰) your toe. They also carry messages in the other direction, from the brain to the muscles. That’s why you back away from the obstacle that initiated the pain signal and exclaim, "Ouch! "
"Many neurotransmitters are built from the foods we eat," says neuroscientist Eric Chudler of the University of Washington. Too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the diet can affect their production, Chudler says. For example, tryptophan from foods such as yogurt, milk, bananas, and eggs is required for the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Phenylalanine from beets, almonds, eggs, meat, and grains goes into making the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Dozens of neurotransmitters are known; hundreds may exist. Their effects depend on their amounts and where they work in the brain. The neurotransmitter serotonin, for example, is thought to produce feelings of calmness, relaxation, and contentment. Drugs that prevent it from being taken again (into the neuron that released it) are prescribed to treat depression. In at least some healthy, nondepressed people, carbohydrate foods seem to enhance serotonin production and produce similar effects. "It is the balance between different neurotransmitters that helps regulate mood," Chudler says.
Proper nutrition may also enhance brainpower. Choline is a substance similar to the B vitamins. It’s found in egg yolks, whole wheat, peanuts, milk, green peas, liver, beans, seafood, and soybeans. The brain uses it to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. To test the effects of choline on memory and learning, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave memory tests to college students before increasing the amount of choline in their subjects’ diets. Later, they retested. On the average, memories were better, and the students learned a list of unrelated words more easily.
According to the second paragraph, messages sent from the brain to the muscles make you_____.
选项
A、feel the pain
B、stub your toe
C、see an obstacle
D、exclaim "Ouch"
答案
D
解析
第2段第3句开头的That’s why…表明当信息从大脑传到肌肉的时候,会使你躲开障碍物并发出“哎哟”的叫声,D就是这两个动作的其中之一,故为答案。A最具干扰性,因为pain一词在第3句也有提及,但根据本段第一句可知A应属于“信息从肌肉传到大脑”的过程,和题干中的from the brain to the muscles正好相反,因此,A并不正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ode7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
IsthereenoughoilbeneaththeArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge(ANWR)tohelpsecureAmerica’senergyfuture?PresidentBushcer
TheReasonableWomanStandardA)SincethevolatilemixofsexandharassmentexplodedundertheCapitoldome,ithasn’tjustbee
TheincreasingAmericanizationofJapaneselifeisevidentinmanyways.Onesuchwayisthegrowingpopularityofcreditcards.
Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?Judgin
BritishCuisine:TheBestofOldandNewBritishcuisine(烹饪)hascomeofageinrecentyearsaschefs(厨师)combinethebestof
WhenaNewYorkerwashikinginEurope,hisSwissfriendkeptsaying"Listentothat!"buthedidn’thearanything.Hisearswer
AFewAspectsofAmericanLifeTravelA)It’ssummertime.FormanyAmericans,thisistheseasontotravel.Why?Becauseschool
Mostofushaveformedanunrealisticpictureoflifeonadesertisland.Wesometimesimagineadesertislandtobeasortof【C
A、Stayathome.B、Holdparties.C、Dopart-timejobs.D、Travel.C
Luoyangisaprefecture-levelcityinwesternHenanprovinceofCentralChina.ItborderstheprovincialcapitalofZhengzhouto
随机试题
事故应急救援的特点不包括()。
建设工程风险识别结束前的最后一项工作是( )。
调解原则适用于________程序。()
公司型基金可以采取自我管理,也可以委托其他私募基金管理机构管理,采取自我管理方式的,章程中应当明确()。Ⅰ.管理架构Ⅱ.投资决策程序Ⅲ.管理人的权限及管理费的计算Ⅳ.支付方式
2017年7月28日,某事业单位根据经过批准的部门预算和用款计划,向主管财政部门申请财政授权支付用款额度800000元。8月1日,财政部门经审核后,以财政授权支付方式下达了680000元用款额度。8月8日,该事业单位收到代理银行转来的“授权支付到账通知书”
依次填入下列横线处的关联词语,最恰当的一组是()当前全国安全工作形势严峻,出现了种种问题,________有多方面的原因,________根本原因在于原有体制的弊端没有消除,有些政府官员安全责任意识不强。________,要尽快扭转这种局
雷锋精神永远不会过时,今天我们这个社会依然需要雷锋精神,依然需要倡导雷锋精神。这是因为倡导雷锋精神()。①有利于提高公民的思想道德素质②是社会主义核心价值体系的基础③能够为社会发展提供精神动力和正确价值观念④有利于提高人民的科学文化修养
下列不属于教学媒介的是()。
Mary:Tom,wouldyouliketogotoapartythisSaturday?Tom:______.Whatkindofparty?Mary:It’sabirthdayparty.
A、ThemeetingisgoingoninRoom241.B、Themeetingiscanceled.C、Themeetingisaboutspacetechnology.D、Themeetingisheld
最新回复
(
0
)