首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How does food affect mood and mind? The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurot
How does food affect mood and mind? The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurot
admin
2016-04-30
71
问题
How does food affect mood and mind? The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurotransmitters (神经传递素) are chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitter molecules from one neuron and their attachment to receptor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving.
Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain, for example, the pain you feel when you stub (踢碰) your toe. They also carry messages in the other direction, from the brain to the muscles. That’s why you back away from the obstacle that initiated the pain signal and exclaim, "Ouch! "
"Many neurotransmitters are built from the foods we eat," says neuroscientist Eric Chudler of the University of Washington. Too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the diet can affect their production, Chudler says. For example, tryptophan from foods such as yogurt, milk, bananas, and eggs is required for the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Phenylalanine from beets, almonds, eggs, meat, and grains goes into making the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Dozens of neurotransmitters are known; hundreds may exist. Their effects depend on their amounts and where they work in the brain. The neurotransmitter serotonin, for example, is thought to produce feelings of calmness, relaxation, and contentment. Drugs that prevent it from being taken again (into the neuron that released it) are prescribed to treat depression. In at least some healthy, nondepressed people, carbohydrate foods seem to enhance serotonin production and produce similar effects. "It is the balance between different neurotransmitters that helps regulate mood," Chudler says.
Proper nutrition may also enhance brainpower. Choline is a substance similar to the B vitamins. It’s found in egg yolks, whole wheat, peanuts, milk, green peas, liver, beans, seafood, and soybeans. The brain uses it to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. To test the effects of choline on memory and learning, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave memory tests to college students before increasing the amount of choline in their subjects’ diets. Later, they retested. On the average, memories were better, and the students learned a list of unrelated words more easily.
According to the second paragraph, messages sent from the brain to the muscles make you_____.
选项
A、feel the pain
B、stub your toe
C、see an obstacle
D、exclaim "Ouch"
答案
D
解析
第2段第3句开头的That’s why…表明当信息从大脑传到肌肉的时候,会使你躲开障碍物并发出“哎哟”的叫声,D就是这两个动作的其中之一,故为答案。A最具干扰性,因为pain一词在第3句也有提及,但根据本段第一句可知A应属于“信息从肌肉传到大脑”的过程,和题干中的from the brain to the muscles正好相反,因此,A并不正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ode7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Globalwarmingisatrendtowardwarmerconditionsaroundtheworld.Partofthewarmingisnatural;wehaveexperienceda20,00
BritishCuisine:TheBestofOldandNewBritishcuisine(烹饪)hascomeofageinrecentyearsaschefs(厨师)combinethebestof
Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparato
Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?Judgin
AFewAspectsofAmericanLifeTravelA)It’ssummertime.FormanyAmericans,thisistheseasontotravel.Why?Becauseschool
TheRiseoftheSharingEconomyA)Lastnight40,000peoplerentedaccommodationfromaservicethatoffers250,000roomsin30,0
WriteacompositionentitledHowtoProtectPrivacyonInternetYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180wordsa
Today,studentswhowanttolearnEnglishintheUShaveawidechoiceofcoursesandinstitutionsto【B1】_______.And,becauset
A、Readingitsadsinthenewspapers.B、Callingitspersonneldepartment.C、Contactingitsmanager.D、Searchingitswebsite.D
A、Theywerejustasbusyaspeopleoftoday.B、Theysawtheimportanceofcollectiveefforts.C、Theydidn’tcomplainasmuchas
随机试题
在环境标准中,_________、_________属于强制性标准,必须执行。
图2所示纹样,对其来源表述正确的是()。
甲醇再生时主要采用了()方法。
“限额领料单”属于()。
论述慢性腹泻的诊断步骤和方法。
发起人、认股人交纳股款或者交付抵作股款的出资后,除未按期募足股份、发起人未按期召开创立大会或者创立大会决议不设立公司情形外,不得抽回资本。()
2010年5月1日,某企业进口一台设备,享受免征进口关税优惠,海关审核的完税价格为110万元,经调试后投入使用的设备账面原值120万元,使用年限10年,海关监管期5年。2011年11月5日,企业将该设备转让,转让收入80万元。已提折旧12万元。该企业转让设
适用于晋升前人际关系训练的培训方法是()。(2003年11月二级真题)
Newscientificstudiesrevealthehiddencostsofmultitaskingastechnologyincreasinglytemptspeopletodomorethanonethin
请阅读以下程序 main( ) { int x=1.y=0, a=0, b=0: switch(x) { case 1:
最新回复
(
0
)