2. 自考
  3. In the eighteenth-century, one of the first modern economists, Adam Smith, thought that the"whole annual produce of the land and

In the eighteenth-century, one of the first modern economists, Adam Smith, thought that the"whole annual produce of the land and

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问题     In the eighteenth-century, one of the first modern economists, Adam Smith, thought that the"whole annual produce of the land and labour of every country"provided revenue to"three different orders of people: those who live by rent, those who live by wages, and those who live by profit". Each successive stage of the industrial revolution, however, made the social structure more complicated.
    Many intermediate groups grew up during the nineteenth century between the upper middle class and the working class. There were small-scale industrialists as well as large ones, small shopkeepers and tradesmen, official and salaried employees, skilled and unskilled workers, and professional men such as doctors and teachers. Farmers and peasants continued in all countries as independent groups.
    During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the possession of wealth inevitably affected a person’s social position. Intelligent industrialists with initiative made fortunes by their wits which lifted them into an economic group far higher than that of their working class parents. But they lacked the social training of the upper class, who despised them as the" new rich".
    They often sent their sons and daughters to special schools to acquire social training. Here their children, mixed with the children of the upper classes, were accepted by them, and very often found marriage partners from among them. In the same way, a thrifty, hardworking labourer, though not clever himself, might save for his son enough to pay for an extended secondary school education in the hope that he would move in a "white-collar"occupation, carrying with it a higher salary and a move up in the social scale.
    In the twentieth century the increased taxation of higher incomes, the growth of the social services, and the wider development of educational opportunity have considerably altered the social outlook. The upper classes no longer are the sole, or even the main possessors of wealth, power and education, though inherited social position still carries considerable prestige.
In the twentieth century, class differences have been partly smoothed out by (  )
选项 A、increased income and decreased taxation
B、developed social services, more educational opportunities and increased taxation
C、education, the increase of income and industrial development
D、the decrease of the upper class population
答案B
解析 根据题目找到文章最后一段，第一句提到高税收收入、社会服务的增加以及更多的受教育的机会使得社会等级的区分不再明显。
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