首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along a fault reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami, mode
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along a fault reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami, mode
admin
2011-01-17
49
问题
In describing the way a seafloor disturbance such as movement along a fault
reshapes the sea surface into a tsunami, modelers assume the sea-surface
displacement is identical to that of the ocean bottom, but direct measurements
Line of seafloor motion have never been available. Researchers presently use an
(5) idealized model of the quake: they assume that the crustal plates slip past one
another along a simple, rectangular plane. As modelers scramble to guide
tsunami survey teams immediately after an earthquake, only the orientation of
the assumed fault plane and the quake’s location, magnitude and depth can be
interpreted from the seismic data alone.
(10) As all other parameters must be estimated, this first simulation frequently
underestimates inundation, which can signify that the initial tsunami height was
also understated when the single-plane fault model distributes seismic energy
over too large an area. Analyses of seismic data cannot resolve energy
distribution patterns any shorter than the seismic waves themselves, which
(15) extend for several hundred kilometers, but long after the tsunami strikes land,
modelers can work backward from records of run-up and additional earthquake
data to refine the tsunami’s initial height. For example, months of aftershocks
eventually reveal patterns of seismic energy that are concentrated in regions
much smaller than the original, single-plane fault model assumed. When seismic
(20) energy is focused in a smaller area, the vertical motion of the seafloor-and
therefore the initial tsunami height-is greater. Satisfactory simulations are
difficult, but improve immeasurably scientists’ ability to make better
predictions.
Propagation of the tsunami transports seismic energy away from the
(25) earthquake site through undulations of the water, just as shaking moves the
energy through the earth. At this point, the wave height is so small compared
with both the wavelength and the water depth that researchers can apply linear
wave theory, which predicts that the velocity of tsunami increases with the
depth of the water and the length of the wave. This dependence of wave speed
(30) on water depth means that refraction by bumps and grooves on the seafloor can
shift the wave’s direction, especially as it travels into shallow water. In
particular, wave fronts tend to align parallel to the shoreline so that they wrap
around a protruding headland before smashing into it with greatly focused
incident energy. At the same time, each individual wave must also slow down
(35) because of the decreasing water depth, so they begin to overtake one another,
decreasing the distance between them in a process called shoaling. Refraction
and shoaling squeeze the same amount of energy into a smaller volume of water,
creating higher waves and faster currents. In the last stage of evolution,
inundation and run-up, in which a tsunami may run ashore as a breaking wave or
(40) a wall of water or a tide-like flood, the wave height is now so large that it is
difficult to assess the complicated interaction between the water and the shoreline.
According to the model presented in the passage, which of the following normally determines the initial height of a tsunami?
选项
A、The speed of the crustal plates that slip along each other in the imaginary fault plane
B、The vertical motion of the sea floor where the tsunami generates
C、The orientation of the assumed fault plane
D、The degree of refraction and shoaling
E、The presence of bumps and grooves on the seafloor
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/q6jO777K
本试题收录于:
GRE VERBAL题库GRE分类
0
GRE VERBAL
GRE
相关试题推荐
Myex-boyfriend’spresenceatthepartymademe______,soeverytimehecamenear,Iheadedintheotherdirection.
Scientistsnowhavesomesurprisinganswersaboutwhetherbrainpower______aswegetolder.
Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgr
Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled"AskMarilyn."Peopleareinvit
Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandfulfilledtheplantendaysaheadofschedule,______wassomethingwehadnotexpected.
SERENDIPITOUS:CALCULATION::
PROFUNDITY:
Althoughthescientist’srecommendationsmayhavebeen______,thestudentshadtroublefollowinghis______presentationandw
Itisnotwisetoattemptto______aggressivegroups;themoreconcessionsyoumake,themoretheywilldemand.
Abird’splumage,whilecontributingtostructuralintegrityandparticipatinginaeriallocomotion,completelyobscuresabird’
随机试题
个人词库是为了减少系统词库中的词而专门设置的。
甲犯某罪,应处3年以上7年以下有期徒刑,对甲的追诉时效是()
在下列哪种波长处测定DNA吸光值的变化可作为监测DNA是否发生变性的指标
消渴病并发白内障、耳聋、雀盲,治疗首选
(2009)古希腊建筑形成的柱式有()。
利用5年期政府债券的空头头寸为10年期政府债券的多头头寸进行保值。当收益率曲线变陡时,10年期政府债券多头头寸的经济价值会()。
实现抵押权、获得清偿的方式有()
设函数f(x)在区间[0,+∞)上连续可导,f(0)=1,且对任意t>0,曲线y=f(x)与直线x=0,x=t,y=0所围图形的面积与曲线y=f(x)在[0,t]上的一段弧长相等,求f(x).
在数据库管理技术的发展中,数据独立性最高的是()。
下列描述中正确的是
最新回复
(
0
)