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  3. The use of deferential language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Ja

The use of deferential language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Ja

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问题     The use of deferential language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she "treads softly in the word," elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form.
    Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential "women’s" forms, and even using the few strong forms that are known as "men’s." This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women’s language. Indeed, we didn’t hear about "men’s language" until people began to respond to girls’ appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and men. There is considerable sentiment about the "corruption" of women’s language—which of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and morality—and this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly carried out by the media.
    Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that young women probably never used as many of the highly deferential forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been expected to "grow into"—after all, it is a sign not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicate a change in the nature of one’s social relations as well. One might well imagine little girls using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older women—in a fashion analogous to little girls’ use of a high-pitched voice to do "teacher talk" or "mother talk" in role play.
    The fact that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of change—of social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the "masculinization" of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but that is very different from saying that they are trying to be "masculine." Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and girls, but different relations to life stages, and adolescent girls are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like "masculine" speech may seem to an adolescent like "liberated" or "hip" speech.
According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, Japanese young women’s linguistic behavior________.
选项 A、may lead to changes in social relations
B、has been true of all past generations
C、is viewed as a sign of their maturity
D、is a result of rapid social progress
答案A
解析 本题关键词是Yoshiko：Matsumoto和Japanese young women，定位到第三段。原文第三段第二句话提到，它(这种非常礼貌的语体)的使用还可以用来暗示个人社会关系(social relations)在本质上的改变。由此可见，在松本佳子看来，敬语的使用与个人社会关系息息相关。现代年轻女性越来越少地使用敬语，相应地很有可能会引起她们社会关系的变化，因此选项A与此属于相同含义，为正确答案。选项B属于正反混淆，第三段第一句话提到，年轻女性可能从来没有使用过与年长女性一样多的高度恭顺的敬语，由此可见，现代女性在敬语的使用上与前几代入是不同的。选项C属于正反混淆. 根据第三段第二句话可知，敬语的使用被视为是女性气质的表现，更是成熟(maturity)和优雅的象征，而年轻女性已不再过多使用敬语。选项D属于主观推导，整段乃至整篇文章都没有提到女性语言行为与社会发展的关系。第三段：在日本，女性使用敬语可以用来表示个人社会关系在本质上的变化。
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