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  3. The place of the child in society has varied for thousands of years and has been affected by different cultures and religions. I

The place of the child in society has varied for thousands of years and has been affected by different cultures and religions. I

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问题     The place of the child in society has varied for thousands of years and has been affected by different cultures and religions. In ancient times unwanted children were occasionally【B1】______, put to death, exploited, or offered for religious sacrifices, and in any event a large percentage of them didn’t【B2】______ their physically hazardous existence to achieve maturity.
    In Western civilization within the last few hundred years, there have been many changes in attitude toward the young. In agricultural Europe the children of the poor worked long hours for little or no pay, and there was no public concern for their safety or welfare. Punishment could be brutal and severe, and sometimes religious【B3】______ were expressed violently with a view toward saving the child’s soul.
    By the eighteenth century the harsh and【B4】______ methods began to show some changes. Society slowly【B5】______ children a role of more importance. Books were written expressly for them and【B6】______ laws were passed for their protection.
    In the past few【B7】______ parents have become more attentive to the needs of their children. Better health care is available and education is no longer【B8】______ for a limited few.【B9】______. Some say the pendulum in child rearing has swung so far toward permissiveness that【B10】______.
    The tendency today is for teachers and parents to emphasize individual responsibility and to stress that【B11】______.
【B4】
选项
答案severe
解析 空前的and表明，本空应填一形容词，且表达的意思与harsh相近，都有“残酷、恶劣”之意。此处是说对儿童的态度改变了，即上文提到的对待儿童的残忍的态度，severe意为“严厉的”。
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