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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or o

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or o

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问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【C1】
选项 A、acting
B、relying
C、centering
D、commenting
答案C
解析 本题要求判断空格处应填入什么分词与on搭配，构成分词短语。从结构上看，文章第一段由三个平行结构的长句子构成，其主要结构为Many theories concerning…focus on；Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that：Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that。三个句子的主语都是theories，并都接有分词作定语。因此空格处填入的分词应和前一句中的concerning、后一句中的focusing on遥相呼应，都表示关于……的理论的含义，从文意方面看，第一句话总述到，关于(concerning)青少年犯罪缘由的理论集中研究两个方面，即个人因素和社会因素。第二句强调个人因素的理论，第三句强调(focusing on)社会因素的理论。能表达出集中强调含义的分词短语只有centering on。
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