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  3. Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said — the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are

Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said — the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are

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问题     Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said — the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don’t always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except "I’m letting off some steam. I don’t really want you to pay close attention to what I’m saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling." Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, "This step has to be fixed before I’ll buy. "The owner says, "It’s been like that for years." Actually, the step hasn’t been like that for years, but the unspoken message is; "I don’t want to fix it. We put up with it. Why can’t you?" The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed through examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.
    When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend’s unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says " No!" to a serials of charges like "You’re dumb," "You’re lazy," and "You’re dishonest," may also say "No!" and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is " And you’re good looking. "
    We would do well to listen for how messages are presented. The words, "It sure has been nice to have you over," can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.
Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if______.
选项 A、they use proper words to carry their ideas
B、they both speak truly of their own feelings
C、they try to understand each other’s ideas beyond words
D、they are capable of associating meaning with their words
答案D
解析 事实细节题。第一段提到，言语能向我们提供信息，但含义来自许多其他来源，过度依赖言语本身将妨碍沟通的效率(hinder our effectiveness)。任何我们给出的信息都包含了相关的想法，而言语仅能描述其中的一小部分。如果我们能听到更多的话(listen for more than words)，有时就能洞察出这些相关的想法。[D]项是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。其他三个选项文中均未提及。
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