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  3. When the world’s leaders met at the Millennium Summit five years ago, they agreed on a set of goals aimed at cutting global pove

When the world’s leaders met at the Millennium Summit five years ago, they agreed on a set of goals aimed at cutting global pove

admin2015-04-10  18
问题     When the world’s leaders met at the Millennium Summit five years ago, they agreed on a set of goals aimed at cutting global poverty in half by 2015. More importantly, they also set targets for the environment.
【C1】______
    The phase-out of ozone depleting substances through the Montreal Protocol, for instance, shows what can be done when the international community works together. Thanks to the protocol, it is estimated that up to 20 million cases of skin cancer, and 130 million eye cataracts, will be avoided.
    This kind of success should encourage us. But now we need to match our action with the scale of the challenge. Our world is not only unbalanced, but endangered.
【C2】______
    The environmental challenge is even more stark in developing countries, where five billion of the earth’s six billion people live. In these nations, the environment is linked directly to human development—and to poverty.
【C3】______
    On current trends, the millennium targets for the environment will not be met. What needs to be done? As a starting point, we must recognize the fundamental imbalance in the global environmental equation. Richer countries do much of the environmental damage.
【C4】______
    Rich countries’ larger contribution to environmental damage means that they must shoulder greater responsibility for fixing the problem. That means changing the way they produce and consume energy—reducing subsidies, ensuring appropriate pricing, and adequately taxing environmentally damaging products.
    Aid for the environment averaged about $2 billion per year—far short of what the international community, first at the Rio Summit in 1992 and then at the Johannesburg Summit ten years later, said was needed. In terms of global priorities, this figure compares with the $900 billion that the world currently commits to military expenditures each year.
【C5】______
    If that growth is not achieved in an environmentally sustainable way, its effects on poverty and human well-being will be disastrous. It will be too late 25 years from now to make the right choices. For the sake of our children and our children’s children, we must act now.
[A]Accounting for only 15% of the world’s population, they cause 50% of global carbon dioxide emissions—with all their implications for climate change. But the poorer countries pay much of the "costs"—losing up to 8% of their GDP per year due to environmental degradation, as well as suffering devastating effects on health and human welfare.
[B]The European Union(EU)is at the forefront of international efforts to combat climate change and has played a key role in the development of environment addressing the issue.
[C]Deforestation is increasing, with almost 100 million hectares lost in the last decade alone—much of it due to millions of poor farmers in Africa and Latin America being forced to cut down trees because they have no other access to land or energy sources.
[D]While developing countries are obviously responsible for identifying and responding to environmental issues that arise within their borders, it is necessary for rich countries to support poor countries in environmental protection efforts.
[E]We need to invest more in the environment development. If the war on environmental degradation is to be won, we need a major turnaround. Another two billion people will be added to global population over the next 25 years—the vast majority in poorer nations—with huge demands for energy and economic growth.
[F]More than a billion people in developing countries lack access to clean water; more than two billion have no access to basic sanitation. Five to six million people, mostly children, die every year due to waterborne diseases, such as diarrhea, and air pollution.
[G]They understood its centrality to long-term economic growth, human development and the stability of the planet. The problem is that today, ten years shy of when the goals are to be met, progress on the environment is alarmingly slow. So much more is possible.
【C2】
选项
答案C
解析 此项承接上文，列举人类面临的危机。其一：乱砍滥伐。在最近10年里，全球丧失的森林面积达一亿公顷。在非洲和拉丁美洲由于交通不便，能源短缺，农民被迫砍伐森林。
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