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  3. In the old, days parents followed a simple rule: spare the rod and spoil the child. These days less violent forms of discipline

In the old, days parents followed a simple rule: spare the rod and spoil the child. These days less violent forms of discipline

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问题     In the old, days parents followed a simple rule: spare the rod and spoil the child. These days less violent forms of discipline are favoured. Supernanny, a television toddler-tamer, recommends the "naughty step", to which ill-behaved naughty children are temporarily banished. Yet even this is too harsh, some psychologists say. But advocates of "positive discipline" say "naughty step" does nothing to encourage one to solve problems (and thus build character). Some even suggest it may be psychologically damaging.
    Positive discipline, which is becoming a fad in America, aims to teach children self-control and empathy. Rather than screaming at them to pick up the toys they have thrown on the floor, parents or teachers ask them to suggest their own way of tackling the problem. Adults are encouraged to think harder about the causes of bad behaviour. Families meet regularly to discuss all of the above.
    The Ravenswood School in Chicago has embraced positive discipline. When children quarrel, they are allowed to pick an option from a "wheel of choice" poster. These include "share and take turns", "balloon breath" and a spell in the "calm-down corner". In one classroom this has a tiny chair, some fairy lights and an inviting box of picture books.
    Positive discipline is not new; Jane Nelson, a family consultant and child-care guru, first published a book with that title in 1981. No reliable statistics show how many parents or schools use it, but the Positive Discipline Association, a non-profit that ran 18 training workshops in 2005, found itself running 51 in 2010.
    Doubters fear that positive really means permissive. Not so, says Maria Vannucci of the Adler School of Professional Psychology in Chicago. The goal is to connect with a child, rather than simply barking "Shut up!" or "Go to your room!" For example, a child who is getting underfoot in the kitchen may need to feel involved and be given something to do, such as rolling pastry or folding napkins. One who has given up on his homework may need to have the task broken down. A toddler who hits another may not know why he is angry; he may be removed or told: "Use your gentle hands." Bribes are out: positive disciplinarians fear they may prevent a child from developing pride in a job well done.
Maria Vannucci suggests that ______.
选项 A、positive discipline means permissive
B、positive discipline may do harm to children
C、positive discipline will deprive children of confidence
D、the aim of positive discipline is to communicate with a child
答案D
解析 根据题干中的“Maria Vannucci”定位到最后一段第二句和第三句：Not so, says Marla Vannucci of the Adler School of Professional Psychology in Chicago. The goal is to connect with a child, rather than simply barking“Shut up!”or“Go to your room!”其中提到“The goal is to connect with a child”，该表达相当于选项D，the aim of positive discipline is to communicate with a child，故该题的答案为D。其中“the goal”等同于“the aim”，“to connect”等同于“to communicate”，属于同义句转换。
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