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  3. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation’s eco

People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation’s eco

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问题      People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation’s economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820 after several decades of relative stability the economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation’s labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits.
     Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its make up also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility — downward as well as upward — touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three quarters of the population in the North and South, in the emerging cities — the Northeast and in the restless rural counties of the West — changed their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, "Social atomization affected every segment of society," and it seemed to many people that "all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded.
     Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles of men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.
According to the passage, as the nineteenth century progressed, the people of the United State ______.
选项 A、emigrated to other countries
B、often settled in the West
C、tended to change the place in which they lived
D、had a higher rate of birth than ever before
答案C
解析 事实细节题。选项A明显错误，文章提到有移民移居美国，但未涉及美国人移居国外；选项B 涉及美国人的搬迁，但并非局限于西部；选项D 与原文刚好相反，虽然人口增长了近一倍，但出生率下降；选项C与原文的geographic mobility相符，故为正确答案。这种选项往往是原文意思的另一种表达,或将原文倒过来讲。
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