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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or o

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or o

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问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【C20】
选项 A、provided
B、since
C、although
D、supposing
答案C
解析 空格前后是两个完整的分句：Au these conditions tend to increase the probability和a direct causal relationship has not yet been established，需要判断这两句话之间的逻辑关系。前一句话谈到，所有这些情形都提高了青少年犯罪的可能性；后一句谈到，直接的因果关系还没有确定。前面谈已确定的(identifiable)原因，后面谈还不确定。两者间显然是转折关系。表转折的连词只有although。
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