2. 考研
  3. In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

admin2010-02-22  6
问题 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)

    Policy-makers and the media, particularly in the United States, frequently assert that climate science is highly uncertain. Some have used this as an argument against adopting strong measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For example, while discussing a major U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report on the risks of climate change, then EPA administrator Christine Whitman argued, "As the report went through review, there was less consensus on the science and conclusions on climate change". Some corporations whose revenues might he adversely affected by controls on carbon dioxide emissions have also alleged major uncertainties in the science. (41)______.
    The scientific consensus is clearly expressed in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environmental Programme, IPCC’s purpose is to evaluate the state of climate science as a basis for informed policy action, primarily on the basis of peer-reviewed and published scientific literature.
In its most recent assessment, IPCC states unequivocally that the consensus of scientific opinion is that Earth’s climate is being affected by human activities: "Human activities...are modifying the concentration of atmospheric constituents...that absorb or scatter radiant energy....Most of the ob served warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations".
    IPCC is not alone in its conclusions. (42)______. For example, the National Academy of Sciences report, Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, begins: "Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise". The report explicitly asks whether the IPCC assessment is a fair summary of professional scientific thinking, and answers yes. (43)______.
    Others agree. The American Meteorological Society, the American Geophysical Union, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) all have issued statements in recent years concluding that the evidence for human modification of climate is compelling.
    The drafting of such reports and statements involves many opportunities for comment, criticism, and revision, and it is not likely that they would diverge greatly from the opinions of the societies’ members. Nevertheless, they might downplay legitimate dissenting opinions. (44)______.
    The 928 papers were divided into six categories: explicit endorsement of the consensus position, evaluation of impacts, mitigation proposals, methods, paleoclimate analysis, and rejection of the consensus position. Of all the papers, 75% fell into the first three categories, either explicitly or implicitly accepting the consensus view; 25% dealt with methods or paleoclimate, taking no position on current anthropogenic climate change. Remarkably, none of the papers disagreed with the consensus position.
    (45)______.
This analysis shows that scientists publishing in the peer-reviewed literature agree with IPCC, the National Academy of Sciences, and the public statements of their professional societies. Politicians, economists, journalists, and others may have the impression of confusion, disagreement, or discord among climate scientists, but that impression is incorrect.

A. Many details about climate interactions are not well understood, and there are ample grounds for continued research to provide a better basis for understanding climate dynamics.
B. Such statements suggest that there might be substantive disagreement in the scientific community about the reality of anthropogenic climate change. This is not the case.
C. In recent years, all major scientific bodies in the United States whose members’ expertise bears directly on the matter have issued similar statements.
D. Admittedly, authors evaluating impacts, developing methods, or studying paleoclimatic change might believe that current climate change is natural. However, none of these papers argued that point.
E. That hypothesis was tested by analyzing 928 abstracts, published in referent scientific journals between 1993 and 2003, and listed in the ISI database with the keywords "climate change".
F. If the history of science teaches anything, it is humility, and no one can be faulted for failing to act on what is not known.
G. The IPCC’s conclusion that most of the observed warming of the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations accurately reflects the current thinking of the scientific community on this issue.

选项
答案D
解析 本题为独立段。其前一段内容对人们找到的928篇论文进行了分类，最后指出：所有这些论文都采取了赞同的立场。本题后面段落的首句指出：这项分析表明科学家们赞同IPCC的观点…。由此可以判断本题处也应该是对倒数第三段中提到的论文的分析情况，各个选项中只有D项符合这一要求，其中的authors是指论文的作者们，他们认为目前的气候变化很自然。最后话锋一转，指出所有这些论文对这一点都没有进行论述。可见D项符合该处语义逻辑要求，故为答案。A指出：人们还不太理解气候之间互相影响的许多细节，还有足够大的空间继续进行研究，为理解气候变化打下更好的基础。可以看出本句为一个总结性句子，是对人们对气候变化了解多少，及对气候变化研究空间的评论，如果将其还原，应该放到全文最后，首尾呼应，提出自己对气象研究的建议和期待。F指出：如桌科学史能给人以什么警示，那就是要谦逊，没人会因为自己不知道的事情而犯错误。本文开头就提到了。science，但文章主题是有关气象的科学研究，与科学史无关，全文各处都没有与F相关的内容，可见此项为干扰项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/tI44777K
0

考研英语一

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)