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  3. Anecdotal evidence has long held that creativity in artists and writers can be associated with living in foreign parts. Rudyard

Anecdotal evidence has long held that creativity in artists and writers can be associated with living in foreign parts. Rudyard

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问题     Anecdotal evidence has long held that creativity in artists and writers can be associated with living in foreign parts. Rudyard Kipling, Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, Paul Gauguin, Samuel Beckett and others spent years dwelling abroad. Now a pair of psychologists has proved that there is indeed a link.
    As they report in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, William Maddux of INSEAD, a business school in Fontainebleau, France, and Adam Galinsky, of the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago, presented 155 American business students and 55 foreign ones studying in America with a test used by psychologists as a measure of creativity. Given a candle, some matches and a box of drawing pins, the students were asked to attach the candle to a cardboard wall so that no wax would drip on the floor when the candle was lit. (The solution is to use the box as a candleholder and fix it to the wall with the pins.) They found 60% of students who were either living abroad or had spent some time doing so, solved the problem, whereas only 42% of those who had not lived abroad did so.
    A follow-up study with 72 Americans and 36 foreigners explored their creative negotiating skills. Pairs of students were asked to play the role of a seller of a petrol station who then needed to get a job and a buyer who would need to hire staff to run the business. The two were likely to reach a deadlock because the buyer had been told he could not afford what the seller was told was his minimum price. Nevertheless, where both negotiators had lived abroad 70% struck a deal in which the seller was offered a management job at the petrol station in return for a lower asking price. When neither of the negotiators had lived abroad, none was able to reach a deal.
    To check that they had not merely discovered that creative people are more likely to choose to live abroad, Dr Maddux and Dr Galinsky identified and measured personality traits, such as openness to new experiences, that are known to predict creativity. They then used statistical controls to filter out such factors. Even after that had been done, the statistical relationship between living abroad and creativity remained, indicating that it is something from the experience of living in foreign parts that helps foster creativity.
    Merely travelling abroad, however, was not enough. You do have to live there. Packing your beach towel and suntan lotion will not, by itself, make you Hemingway.
DrMaddux and Dr Galinsky adopted statistical controls to
选项 A、filter out the interference factors such as personality traits.
B、identify the statistical relationship between personality and creativity.
C、analyze the interaction between personality and creativity.
D、measure the influence of openness to new experiences on creativity.
答案A
解析 事实细节题。根据statistical control定位到第四段第二句话，后面的to filter out such factors表示使用统计控制的目的在于去除这些因素，而该段的第一句话即说明了这些因素是指能预测创造力的个人特征，这与A项符合。由第四段的开头两句可得出B项“找出个性和创造力之间的统计关系”和C项“分析个性和创造力之间的互动”都是错误的；D项“测量新体验的开放性对创造力的影响”是对文章的狭隘理解，以偏概全。
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