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  3. Some observers have attributed the dramatic growth in temporary employment that occurred in the United States during the 1980’s

Some observers have attributed the dramatic growth in temporary employment that occurred in the United States during the 1980’s

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问题     Some observers have attributed the dramatic growth in temporary employment that occurred in the United States during the 1980’s to increased partici- pation in the workforce by certain groups, such as first-time or reentering workers, who supposedly prefer such arrangements. However, statistical analyses reveal that demographic changes in the workforce did not correlate with variations in the total number of temporary workers. Instead, these analyses suggest that factors affecting employers account for the rise in tempo- rary employment. One factor is product demand: temporary employment is favored by employers who are adapting to fluctuating demand for products while at the same time seeking to reduce overall labor costs. Another factor is labor’s reduced bargaining strength, which allows employers more control over the terms of employment. Given the analyses, which reveal that growth in temporary employment now far exceeds the level explainable by recent workforce entry rates of groups said to prefer temporary jobs, firms should be discouraged from creating excessive numbers of temporary positions. Government policymakers should consider mandating benefit coverage for temporary employees, promoting pay equity between temporary and permanent workers, assisting labor unions in organizing temporary workers, and encouraging firms to assign temporary jobs primarily to employees who explicitly indicate that preference.
The passage suggests which of the following about the use of temporary employment by firms during the 1980’s?
选项 A、It enabled firms to deal with fluctuating product demand far more efficiently than they before the 1980’s.
B、It increased as a result of increased participation in the workforce by certain demographic groups.
C、It was discouraged by government-mandated policies.
D、It was a response to preferences indicated by certain employees for more flexible working arrangements.
E、It increased partly as a result of workers ’ reduced ability to control the terms of their employment.
答案E
解析 关于80年代公司使用临时工，哪个说法正确?A．使公司能对付产品变化需求问题。这确是文中所说影响雇主行为的第一个因素，但是并没有对80年代的情况和80年代以前情况对比，因此不能选。B．和特定人群加入劳动大军有关。这是老观点内容。C．不被政府计划鼓励。无。D．这是某些雇员偏好的结果。老观点。E．正确。其增加部分是由于工人们能控制雇佣期限的能力减弱。见原文L20—23，这是影响雇主因素的第二点。
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