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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or o

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or o

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问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【C9】
选项 A、affect
B、reduce
C、check
D、reflect
答案A
解析 空格处需填入一个谓语动词，其主语是Changes in the social structure，宾语是juvenile crime rates，同时受副词indirectly修饰。考生关键要判断主语社会结构的变化能间接地对宾语青少年犯罪率做什么动作。首先，由于文中只提到社会结构的变化，没有具体指明向哪个方面的变化，所以不能用check或reduce这类表单方向作用的词，而且上下文中也没涉及犯罪率高低变化的问题。其次，reflect也不合适，逻辑上讲，只能是“犯罪率(的变化)反映了社会结构的变迁”，而不能反过来说“社会结构的变化反映了犯罪率(的变化)”。affect词义相符，表示社会结构的变化间接地影响了青少年犯罪率。
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