2. 外语
  3. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Central Committee was held in 1978, we have shifted the focal point of the

Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Central Committee was held in 1978, we have shifted the focal point of the

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问题  
下面你将听到的是一段有关中国教育改革与发展的讲话。
    党的十一届三中全会以来，随着党和国家工作重点转移到以经济建设为中心。教育在社会主义现代化建设中的地位和作用也越来越重要，我国教育的改革和发展取得了很大的成就。
    进入20世纪90年代，科学技术日新月异，知识经济初见端倪，综合国力竞争日趋激烈，我国社会主义市场经济建设步伐加快，知识和人才的作用日益重要，我国教育的改革和发展面临新的机遇和挑战。
    一些长期困扰教育发展的问题越来越凸显出来，我国教育的改革和发展还滞后于建设中国特色社会主义的要求。
    教育经费的增长还很不适应教育事业发展的需要，经费紧张仍然是制约我国教育发展的一个突出问题；教师工资偏低且被拖欠，教师工作生活条件较差，尤其是住房困难问题十分突出。这些都需要采取措施尽快解决。
    1992年，党的十四大明确提出：“必须把教育摆在优先发展的战略地位，努力提高全民族的思想道德和科学文化水平，这是实现我国现代化的根本大计。”
    1993年，党中央、国务院制定了《中国教育改革和发展纲要》，《中华人民共和国教师法》颁布。1995年，《中华人民共和国教育法》颁布，党中央、国务院决定实施科教兴国战略。
    这些重大决策为解决我国教育问题指明了方向。我国教育进入了改革发展的新时期。
选项
答案 Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Central Committee was held in 1978, we have shifted the focal point of the Party and state’s work onto economic development. Education has played a more and more role in the socialist modernization drive. Remarkable achievements have been scored in educational reform and development. In the early 1990s, science and technology advanced with each passing day. The knowledge economy emerged, and competition in the overall national strength intensified. The pace of establishing China’s socialist market economy was accelerated, and knowledge and qualified personnel played an increasingly important role. Our educational reform and development faced new opportunities and challenges. Some long-standing problems which impeded educational development were more and more outstanding, so our educational reform and development still fell short of what was needed for building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Inadequate funding remained an outstanding problem impeding our educational development, with increased educational outlays unable to meet educational needs. Teachers’ salaries were low and often in arrears. Moreover, their working and living conditions were poor, with their housing shortage being an outstanding problem. In 1992, the Party’s Fourteenth National Congress made it clear that "Strategic priority must be given to education, and efforts must be made to raise the ideological, ethical, scientific and cultural standards of the whole nation. This is the fundamental policy for realizing our modernization. " In 1993, the Party Central Committee and the State Council formulated the Program for Educational Reform and Development in China and promulgated the Teachers’ Law of the People’s Republic of China. In 1995, the Education Law of the People’s Republic of China was promulgated. The Party Central Committee and the State Council decided to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. These major policy decisions have paved the way for solving our educational problems. Our education has entered a new period of reform and development.
解析     本文是一段关于中国教育改革与发展的讲话。文中介绍了从党的十一届三中全会以来，中国教育事业的发展，同时也指出了不同时期中国教育事业发展中所面临的困难和出现的问题，并指出了政府在各个阶段的教育政策和方针。
    本文要求应试者掌握一定的中国政策和教育常识，以及与之相关的专门词汇和表达方式，这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要在听的短时间内，对汉语特色的流水句做出相应的分析，适当地将其切分为多个独立的英文句子。翻译时把握好两种语言各自特色，完成双语间的转换。对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法，不能死译、硬译，而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通，使译文通顺流畅。
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