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  3. The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the detachment

The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the detachment

admin2021-08-12  30
问题     The car has reshaped our cities. It seems to offer autonomy for everyone. There is something almost delightful in the detachment from reality of advertisements showing mass-produced cars marketed as symbols of individuality and of freedom when most of their lives will be spent making short journeys on choked roads.
    For all the fuss made about top speeds, cornering ability and acceleration, the most useful gadgets on a modern car are those which work when you’re going very slowly: parking sensors, sound systems, and navigation apps which will show a way around upcoming traffic jams. This seems to be one of the few areas where the benefit of sharing personal information comes straight back to the sharer: because these apps know where almost all the users are, and how fast they are moving almost all the time, they can spot traffic congestion (堵塞) very quickly and suggest ways round it.
    The problem comes when everyone is using a navigation app which tells them to avoid everyone else using the same gadget. Traffic jams often appear where no one has enough information to avoid them. When a lucky few have access to the knowledge, they will benefit greatly. But when everyone has perfect information, traffic jams simply spread onto the side roads that seem to offer a way round them.
    This new congestion teaches us two things. The first is that the promises of technology will never be realised as fully as we hope; they will be limited by their unforeseen and unintended consequences. Sitting in a more comfortable car in a different traffic jam is pleasant but hardly the liberation that once seemed to be promised. The second is that self-organisation will not get us where we want to go. The efforts of millions of drivers to get ahead do not miraculously produce a situation in which everyone does better than before, but one in which almost everyone does rather worse. Central control and collective organisation can produce smoother and fairer outcomes, though even that much is never guaranteed.
    Similar limits can be foreseen for the much greater advances promised by self-driving cars. Last week, one operated by the taxi company Uber struck and killed a woman pushing her bicycle across a wide road in Arizona. This was the first recorded death involving a car which was supposed to be fully autonomous. Experts have said that it suggests a "catastrophic failure" of technology.
    Increasingly, even Silicon Valley has to acknowledge the costs of the intoxicating (令人陶醉的) hurry that characterises its culture. What traffic teaches us is that reckless and uncontrolled change is as likely to harm us as it is to benefit us, and that thoughtful regulation is necessary for a better future.
What does the author say about the use of navigation apps?
选项 A、It is likely to create traffic jams in other places.
B、It helps a great deal in easing traffic congestion.
C、It sharply reduces the incidence of traffic accidents.
D、It benefits those who are learning to drive.
答案A
解析 由题干中的navigation apps定位至第三段。事实细节题。作者在第三段中指出，当每个人都在使用导航应用程序时，交通拥堵的情况就会蔓延到那些本可以让司机绕道而行的小路上，也就是使原本并不拥堵的地方也变得拥堵，故答案为A)。由第三段可知，导航应用程序并不能缓解交通拥堵，反而会造成新的拥堵，故排除B)；文中并未提到导航应用程序与交通事故发生率之间的关系，故排除C)；文中没有提到正在学习开车的人，所以排除D)。
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