2. 外语
  3. [A]absorption[I]logos [B]implications[J]ambiguous [C]initiate[K]alike [D]newscasters[L]overwhelming [E]manuscrip

[A]absorption[I]logos [B]implications[J]ambiguous [C]initiate[K]alike [D]newscasters[L]overwhelming [E]manuscrip

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问题     [A]absorption[I]logos
    [B]implications[J]ambiguous
    [C]initiate[K]alike
    [D]newscasters[L]overwhelming
    [E]manuscript[M]locomotively
    [F]inevitable[N]shifted
    [G]obligation[O]massive
    [H]vulnerable
    It’s a brand new world—a world built around brands. Hard-charging(价格不菲的), noise-making, culture-shaping brands are everywhere. They’re on supermarket shelves, of course, but also in business plans for . com startups and in the names of sports complexes. Brands are infiltrating(渗透)people’s everyday lives—by sticking their【C1】______on clothes, in concert programs, on subway-station walls, even in elementary school classrooms.
    We live in an age in which CBS【C2】______wear Nike jackets on the air, in which Burger King and McDonald’s open kiosks in elementary school lunchrooms, in which schools like Stanford University are endowed with a Yahoo! Founders Chair. But as brands reach(and then overreach)into every aspects of our lives, the companies behind them invite more questions, deeper scrutiny—and an【C3】______backlash(强烈反应)by consumers.
    "Our intellectual lives and our public spaces are being taken over by marketing—and that has real【C4】______for citizenship," says author and activist Naomi Klien. "It’s important for any healthy culture to have public space—a place where people are treated as citizens instead of as consumers. We’ve completely lost that space. "
    Since the mid-1980s, as more and more companies have【C5】______from being about products to being about ideas—Starbucks isn’t selling coffee; it’s selling community! —those companies have poured more and more resources into marketing campaigns.
    To pay for those campaigns, those same companies figured out ways to cut costs elsewhere, for example, by using contract labor at home and low-wage labor in developing countries. Contract laborers are hired on a temporary, per-assignment basis, and employers have no【C6】______to provide any benefits(such as health insurance)or long-term job security. This saves companies money but obviously puts workers in【C7】______situations. In the United States, contract labor has given rise to so-called McJobs, which employers and workers【C8】______pretend are temporary—even though these jobs are usually held by adults who are trying to support families.
    The【C9】______expansion of marketing campaigns in the 1980s coincided with the reduction of government spending for schools and for museums. This made those institutions much too willing, even eager, to partner with private companies. But companies took advantage of the needs of those institutions, reaching too far, and【C10】______the civic space with their marketing agendas.
【C9】
选项
答案O
解析 由空格后的expansion可知，该空缺少形容词。结合第四段内容可知，20世纪80年代市场营销活动大规模膨胀，备选形容词中的massive“大规模的，大量的”符合句意，故[O]为答案。
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