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  3. 64 The world’s first underground railway (the Tube) opened in London in January 1863. Today there are 11 lines serving 272 s

64 The world’s first underground railway (the Tube) opened in London in January 1863. Today there are 11 lines serving 272 s

admin2009-12-11  34
问题 64
    The world’s first underground railway (the Tube) opened in London in January 1863. Today there are 11 lines serving 272 stations, the busiest of which, King’s Cross, sees the start and finish of around 70 million journeys a year. But the system is in crisis—mainly as a result of underinvestment. Overcrowding combined with poor reliability can lead to problems for travellers, particularly those who use the Tube during its busiest hours.
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    This report looks at service and safety on the Underground. It’s based on the findings of our survey of passengers. Last June we interviewed 1, 698 Tube travellers outside 46 Underground stations in London; 517 regular travellers (those using the Tube throughout the year on three or more days each week) were contacted again and asked more detailed questions by phone.
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    Since 1981 the number of passengers using the Tube has increased by almost half. The increase in passengers has not been matched by an expansion of the Underground system and there is widespread congestion, particularly during the six peak hours when over 60 per cent of all journeys are made. London Underground Limited (LU) states that over the busiest rush hour no more than one person should have to stand for each seated passenger. But LU’s own statistics show that this standard is often not met over large areas of track on a daily basis.
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    Forty-three per cent of regular travellers had missed an appointment or been late for something in the two weeks before the survey because of delays on the Underground.
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    Forty-three per cent of regular travellers mentioned graffiti, rubbish and generally dirty conditions as one of the aspects of the Underground’s service they disliked. The aim set by Government for train cleaning is that carriages should be cleaned internally every day they are in use. LU’s figures show it has come very close to achieving this. But there are no standards to define or measure how well trains have been cleaned. LU has made progress in dealing with rubbish at major stations but graffiti, old coaches and unmodernised stations remain serious problems.
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    Well over half of the regular travellers said they were dissatisfied with the information provided when something goes wrong on the system; 72 per cent of those who were dissatisfied complained that the information was wrong or given too late; 49 per cent couldn’t hear or understand what was said. LU told us that a new system has been installed, which should mean clearer messages. However , the new system applies only to messages broadcast within stations; those coming from a central control room may not improve for some time to come.
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    Most of this report reflects the experiences of regular Tube travellers but we also asked those who do not travel every day for their views. The most popular type of ticket bought by these travellers was a one-day pass. Few appeared to have had problems finding their way around the system 89 per cent said finding their way around was "easy".
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答案E
解析 文中说从1981年起，乘坐地铁的人就增加了一半，加之设施没有跟上来，因而就导致了拥挤。
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大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）

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