首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
[A]No miracle diets for heart disease or cancer [B]How the study was conducted? [C]The outcome of the study on heart disease [D]
[A]No miracle diets for heart disease or cancer [B]How the study was conducted? [C]The outcome of the study on heart disease [D]
admin
2019-08-01
18
问题
[A]No miracle diets for heart disease or cancer
[B]How the study was conducted?
[C]The outcome of the study on heart disease
[D]Low colorectal cancer rate: chance or the low-fat diet?
[E]The significance of the study on breast cancer
[F]How fat and heart disease are related?
Starting a low-fat diet in mid-life does not, by itself, decrease a woman’s risk of heart disease or stroke or dramatically reduce her risk of breast cancer or colorectal cancer, according to three studies published today of almost 50, 000 healthy, post-menopausal women. But the findings still support the general idea that you need to pay attention to how much fat—and particularly what kinds of fat—you eat.
【R1】______
Researchers randomly divided the participants into two groups, worked hard to get one group to cut its fat intake and then compared the results for each of them for the next several years. Through focus groups and sessions with nutritionists, the so-called intervention group was given a lot of help and information on how to cut the amount of fat in their diet. As a group they weren’t able to get all the way down to 20% fat intake, but they did manage to reduce it to 24% in the first year, though it slid back up to 29% by the sixth year. The other, so-called control group received printed material on dietary guidelines but no other help on healthy eating. The fat content of their diets was 35% after one year and crept up to 37% after six years—and they gained a little weight to boot.(The intervention group lost weight or stayed the same.)
【R2】______
All told, the women in the two groups showed no overall difference in the number of heart attacks or strokes they suffered over the eight years of the study. Part of the reason may be that the level of LDL or" bad" cholesterol dropped in the intervention group by a tiny 2. 4%—too small a reduction for the study to be able to detect a difference in outcome.
【R3】______
It’s also possible that if you want to prevent heart disease, it’s not enough to focus just on the total amount of fat in the diet; you also have to look at the types of fat as well as exercise and physical activity levels. Why didn’t the study focus more intently on these variables? Researchers were not as aware of how important they were back in the late 1980s, when they were designing the trial.
【R4】______
Women in the low-fat group suffered 9 % fewer breast cancers than those in the control group. Although that difference was not statistically significant, it is very suggestive. Given how long it takes for most tumors to grow, it may simply be that the study has not lasted long enough to show a significant effect. In addition, there was a clear benefit for one sub-group of women—those who began the study with the highest total fat consumption and who were able to make and maintain the greatest reduction in the number of fat calories in their diet. This group benefited from al5% to 20% drop in the incidence of breast cancer.
【R5】______
Women in the low-fat group did not see a significant drop in their rates of colorectal cancer. Given how long it takes colorectal cancer to develop, a 9% difference is significant. Welcome to the wild and complex world of statistics. After looking at the variation in the data with various mathematical tools, research statisticians determined that they couldn’t rule out the possibility that the 9% difference in breast cancer results was due to chance alone. On the other hand, after applying those same mathematical tools to the data in the colorectal cancer study, they determined that the 9% difference in the number of polyps was unlikely to be due to chance alone.
So, in many ways these studies raised more questions than they answered. Strictly speaking, the results do not apply to men, who tend to get heart disease earlier than women do and for whom a low-fat diet might be particularly beneficial. But this study has set the gold standard for diet studies in the future.
【R2】
选项
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/vh2Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Itissupposedtobethetimeofopportunityandadventure,beforemortgagesandmarriagehavetakentheirtoll.But【C1】______to
Itissupposedtobethetimeofopportunityandadventure,beforemortgagesandmarriagehavetakentheirtoll.But【C1】______to
ThisweektheNewCommissionontheSkillsoftheAmericanWorkforcereleasesablueprintforrethinkingAmericaneducationtob
Therewasatimewhenwomenwereconsideredsmartiftheyplayeddumbtogetaman,andwomenwhowenttocollegeweremoreinte
Scientistshavelongarguedovertherelativecontributionsofpracticeandnativetalenttothedevelopmentofeliteperformanc
Whatwouldmakeasmokermorelikelytoquit,abigrewardforsucceedingoralittlepenaltyforfailing?Thatiswhatresearch
Whatwouldmakeasmokermorelikelytoquit,abigrewardforsucceedingoralittlepenaltyforfailing?Thatiswhatresearch
Icouldn’tstopcrying.Monthsoflateeveningsanddemandingtravelhad【C1】______myprofessionalexterior.Itriedto【C2】______
Theproblemwithtoday’shousingcrisis,politically,isthatitisjustnotallthatvisible.AttheendoftheSecondWorldWa
YouaretowriteanemailtoJamesCook,anewly~arrivedAustralianprofessor,recommendingsometouristattractionsinyourcit
随机试题
国家知识产权局经审查驳回了李某的一项发明专利申请。李某对该驳回决定不服,采取下列哪种方式寻求救济符合相关规定?
评估者只对评估结论本身合乎职业规范要求负责,而不对资产业务定价决策负责。这表明资产评估具有()
下列选项中,不属于青少年心理卫生工作重点的是
应急照明灯安装应符合的规定有()。
当被督导者不太熟悉服务内容时,应该给予的社会工作督导的类型是()。
2014年2月5日,马某与陈某订立一份房屋买卖合同,约定陈某购买马某的房屋一套(以下称1号房),价格80万元。并约定,合同签订后一周内陈某先付20万元,交付房屋后付30万元,办理过户登记后付30万元。2月8日,梁某得知马某欲将该房屋出卖,表示愿出90万元购
一、注意事项1.本卷总分100分,限时150分钟,其中阅读给定资料参考时限为40分钟。2.请仔细阅读给定的资料内容,然后按照后面提出的“作答要求”作答。二、给定资料1.2003年卫生部组织开展的第三次国家卫生服务调查结果显示,中
语音同其他声音一样,也具有()、()、()和()四个要素。
设表TXL.DBF中有20条记录,在VisualFoxPro命令窗口中执行以下命令序列,最后显示的结果是______。USETXLSKIP3COUNTTOn?n
A、ShehastoimproveherspokenEnglish.B、ShedoesnotspeakEnglishloudlyenough.C、Shestillthinksthatshespeaksprettyg
最新回复
(
0
)