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  3. Locusts, which can consume their own weight in food each day, have a large neuron called the locust giant movement detector(LGMD

Locusts, which can consume their own weight in food each day, have a large neuron called the locust giant movement detector(LGMD

admin2014-01-07  68
问题     Locusts, which can consume their own weight in food each day, have a large neuron called the locust giant movement detector(LGMD)located behind their eyes. The LGMD releases bursts of energy whenever a locust is on a collision course with another locust or a predatory bird.
    A few years ago Rind and her colleagues studied the activity of the LGMD as locusts watched action scenes from the movie Star Wars. The team found that the LGMD releases more energy when something is coming directly at the locust.
    These spikes of energy, called action potentials, prompt the locusts to take evasive action. The entire process from motion detection to reaction takes about 45 milliseconds—or 45 thousandths of a second.
    "Locusts, like most insects, can see many more images per second than we do. This means they can react in time to things that are approaching very rapidly and so make their escape before collision," Rind said.
    The locusts’ ability to see many more images per second than humans gives them a remarkable view of the world. For humans, it would be like watching everything go by in slow motion; Rind added.
    And because the insects only detect things that are on a collision course with them, the locusts are ignorant of all other movements. It’s a particularly useful trait, as the locusts travel in dense swarms akin to rush hour traffic.
    "The LGMD system is complemented by the brain of the locust, which provides the necessary experience and knowledge to really react according to the situation," said Jorge Cuadri, a project engineer with Spain’s National Centre of Microelectronics. Cuadri is helping to develop the circuitry(电路装置)for the locust-inspired crash avoidance technology.
    Cuadri and his colleagues are responsible for adapting the locust collision-avoidance system to the automotive environment.
    Their adapted system is based on a single, integrated step that combines visual optics and electronics. The conventional way of doing this would involve two steps: First, a camera would capture the image. Second, a digital processor would analyze it.
    The two-step approach, which uses radar images, is expensive and currently limited only to luxury cars, Rind said.
The reason why human beings are unable to react in time to avoid car collisions is that
选项 A、we have no LGMD behind our eyes.
B、cars are not advanced enough yet.
C、our vision is too limited.
D、our brain is never good at functioning in this way.
答案A
解析 文章前面讲到蝗虫能避免与其他动物碰撞的原因在于它们的眼睛后面有一个叫作LGMD的很大的神经元，它可以帮助蝗虫迅速反应，从而避免碰撞。这是人类所不具有的，故A为答案。C“人类的视力有限”只是相对于蝗虫的不足之一，不是人类不能避免碰撞的根本原因。
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