首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Creative Destruction of Higher Education A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once
Creative Destruction of Higher Education A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once
admin
2015-07-13
68
问题
Creative Destruction of Higher Education
A)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once the privilege of a few has become a middle-class entitlement, thanks mainly to government support. Some 3. 5 million Americans and 5 million Europeans will graduate this summer. In the modern world universities are developing rapidly: China has added nearly 30 million places in 20 years. Yet the business has changed little since Aristotle taught at the Athenian Lyceum(雅典学园): young students still gather at a specific time and place to listen to the wisdom of scholars.
B)At present, a revolution has begun, thanks to three forces: rising costs, changing demand and new technology. The result will be the complete change of the university. While the prices of cars, computers and much else have greatly fallen, universities have been able to charge ever more for the same service because they are protected by public funding and the high value employers place on degrees. For two decades the cost of going to college in America has risen by 1.6 percentage points more than inflation every year.
C)For most students, the university remains a great deal. The total lifetime income from obtaining a college degree, in net-present-value(净现值)terms, can increase as much as $590,000. But an increasing number of students have gone deep into debt, especially the 47% in America and 28% in Britain who do not complete their course. As for them, the degree by no means values for that sum of money. And the government becomes more and more unwilling to fund the university. In America government funding per student fell by 27% between 2007 and 2012, while average tuition fees, adjusted for inflation, rose by 20% . In Britain, tuition fees close to zero two decades ago can reach $ 15,000 a year.
D)The second factor resulting in change is the labor market. In the standard model of higher education, people go to university in their 20s. A degree is an entry ticket to the professional classes. But automation is beginning to have the same effect on white-collar jobs as it has on blue-collar ones. According to a study from Oxford University, 47% of occupations are at risk of being automated in the next few decades. As innovation wipes out some jobs and changes others, people will need to top up their human capital all through their lives.
E)By themselves, these two forces would be pushing change. A third—technology—ensures it. The internet, which has turned businesses from newspapers through music to book sale upside down, will turn over higher education. Now the MOOC, or " Massive Open Online Course", is offering students the chance to listen to star lecturers and get a degree for a fraction of the cost of attending a university. MOOCs started in 2008: however, they have so far failed to live up to their promise. Largely because there is no formal system of accreditation(认证), drop-out rates have been high. But this is changing as private investors and existing universities are drawn in. One provider, Coursera, claims over 8 million registered users. Though its courses are free, it received its first $ 1 million in incomes last year after introducing the option to pay a fee of between $ 30 and $ 100 to have course results certified. Another, Udacity, has teamed up with AT&T and Georgia Tech to offer an online master’s degree in computing, at less than a third of the cost of the traditional version. Harvard Business School will soon offer an online "pre-MBA" for $ 1,500. Starbucks has offered to help pay for its staff to take online degrees with Arizona State University.
F)MOOCs will destroy different universities in different ways. Not all will suffer. Oxford and Harvard could benefit. People of great ambition will always want to go to the best universities to meet each other, and the digital economy tends to favor a few large institutions in charge of its operation. The big names will be able to sell their MOOCs around the world. But ordinary universities may suffer the fate of many newspapers. Were the market for higher education to perform in future as that for newspapers has done over the past decade or two, universities’ incomes would fall by more than half, employment in the industry would drop by nearly 30% and more than 700 institutions would shut their doors. The rest would need to achust themselves to survive.
G)Like all revolutions, the one taking place in higher education will have victims. Many towns and cities rely on universities. In some ways MOOCs will further make the difference both among students and among teachers. The talented students will be much more comfortable than the weaker outside the structured university environment. Superstar lecturers will earn a fortune, to the anger of their less charming colleagues.
H)Politicians will come under pressure to halt this revolution. They should remember that state spending should benefit society as a whole, not protect professors from competition. The change of universities will benefit many more people than it hurts. Students in the rich world will have access to higher education at lower cost and greater convenience. The flexible nature of MOOCs appeals to older people who need training. EdX, another provider, says that the average age of its online students in America is 31. In the modern world online courses also offer a way for countries like Brazil to go ahead Western ones and supply higher education much more cheaply. And education has now become a global market: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered Battushig Myanganbayar, a remarkably talented Mongolian teenager, through an online electronics course.
I)Rather than maintaining the old model, governments should make the new one work better. They can do so by supporting common standards for accreditation. In Brazil, for instance, students completing courses take a government-run exam. In most Western countries it would likewise make sense to have a single, independent organization that certifies exams. Changing an ancient institution will not be easy. But it does promise better education for many more people. Rarely have need and opportunity so neatly come together.
Mostly because of the lack of formal recognition, the rates of quitting on MOOCs have been high.
选项
答案
E
解析
题干和定位句均指出中途退出大型开放式网络课程的比率一直居高不下的主要原因是缺乏正式的认证体系。题干中的the lack of formal recognition和the rates of quitting分别是定位句中no formal systemof accreditation和drop-out rates的同义转述,故E)为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xVl7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Mostofus【B1】______takingcertainthingsforgranted.Wetendtoassumethatexpertsand【B2】______leaderswilltellus"thetru
Mostofus【B1】______takingcertainthingsforgranted.Wetendtoassumethatexpertsand【B2】______leaderswilltellus"thetru
A、Heknowsverylittleaboutmusic.B、Heisamemberofalargeorchestra.C、HewantsMichaeltobeagreattrumpetplayer.D、He
Graduatingseniorsmayfacehigherriskforjobburnout(筋疲力尽,枯竭)thantheirparents’generation,saybusinessandcareerexperts.
WhatYouReallyNeedtoKnowA)Aparadox(悖论)ofAmericanhighereducationisthis:Theexpectationsofleadinguniversitiesdomu
A、Feelingmoresatisfiedwithyourfriends.B、Havinggreaterresistancetodiseases.C、Settinghighergoalsinyourlife.D、Chan
A、Itcannotstartup.B、Thebrakesgotloose.C、Theenginetendstodie.D、Itcannotbestoppedproperly.C男士提到的theengineruns
MayraAvilaislookingforwardtoherhighschoolprom(毕业舞会).Avila,18,theWestPotomacHighSchoolsenioris,amonghundreds
A、Getintothecarforsafety.B、Waitpatientlyforthestormtodevelop.C、Headstraightforthecenterofthestorm.D、Collect
A、Heispreparingforapresentation.B、Heisfondoflookingupmaterialonpaper.C、Heisanexpertonpaper.D、HeisfromFin
随机试题
患者确实需要临床输血的,应由经治医师逐项填写的医疗文书是
若对侧肾功能正常,肾损伤肾切除的指征是
氨苄西林修饰为匹氨西林的目的是睾酮修饰为丙酸睾酮的目的是
搅拌机类型按混凝土搅拌方式分为()。
根据《招标投标法》及有关规定,下列选项中属于建设单位违法招标的是()。
某卷烟厂(位于市区)为增值税一般纳税人主要外购烟叶生产雪茄烟和烟丝,2009年8月发生下列业务:(1)从农民手中收购烟叶,收购凭证上注明收购价1000000元,支付运费12000元,装卸费11500元,并取得了符合规定的运费发票;(2)将上
【2009年】在下列事项中,最可能引起注册会计师对持续经营能力产生疑虑的是()。
Textinghaslongbeenlamentedasthedownfallofthewrittenword,"penmanshipforilliterates,"asonecriticcalledit.Towh
某项目最初的网络图如图7-4所示,为了压缩进度,项目经理根据实际情况使用了快速跟进的方法:在任务A已经开始一天后开始实施任务C,从而使任务C与任务A并行3天。这种做法将使项目(13)。
设一棵满二叉树共有15个结点,则在该满二叉树中的叶子结点数为()。
最新回复
(
0
)