首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Essay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break A)Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and get
Essay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break A)Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and get
admin
2019-03-15
76
问题
Essay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break
A)Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a grade from a professor a few weeks later, clicking the "send" button when you are done and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being done with that exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade.
B)EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)to offer courses on the Internet, has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自动的)software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, freeing professors for other tasks.
C)The new service will bring the educational consortium(联盟)into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics.
D)Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of EdX, predicted that the instant-grading software would be a useful teaching tool, enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers. He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades. "There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback," Dr. Agarwal said. "Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback. "
E)But skeptics(怀疑者)say the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtime critic, Les Perelman, has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human graders.
F)He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition(呼吁)opposing automated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2,000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky.
G)"Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scoring," the group’s statement reads in part. " Computers cannot ’ read. ’ They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical(伦理的)position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others. "
H)But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities. It offers free online classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley: this fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Georgetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools.
I)The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders, to first grade 100 essays or essay questions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical(数字的)rank.
J)EdX is not the fust to use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states—Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia—are using some form of the technology in secondary schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimented with it. In some cases the software is used as a "second reader," to check the reliability of the human graders.
K)But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to develop a joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology.
L)Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create "massive open online courses," or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. " It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating(吸引)toward resubmitting the work until they get it right," said Daphne Roller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera.
M)Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100,000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contests, Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software.
N)"One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically," said Victor Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. " It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time. "
O)Mark D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. In his view, the technology—though imperfect—has a place in educational settings.
P)With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’s best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.
Q)" Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could," Dr. Shermis said. "There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world. "
Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably.
选项
答案
D
解析
D)段提到,EdX总裁阿加瓦尔博士认为短文自动评分软件的优点是能够给予即时反馈,学生们也告诉他们说有了即时反馈,他们学得更好。题干与本段最后一句是同义转述,故答案为D)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xsZ7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
HowtoMakeAttractiveandEffectivePowerPointPresentationsA)MicrosoftPowerPointhasdramaticallychangedthewayinwhicha
Faces,likefingerprints,areunique.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeople?Evenaskilledwriterp
Bilingual(双语的)educationinschoolshaslongbeenapoliticalhotpotato—itwasbannedinCaliforniabya1998ballotmeasure,wh
Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgr
A、Theygiveoutfaintcries.B、Theymakenoisestodriveawayinsects.C、Theyextendtheirwaterpipes.D、Theybecomeelasticli
据报道,北京市教委(BeijingMunicipalCommissionofEducation)将对高考(thecollegeadmissiontest)进行改革。英语的分数由150分减为100分,而语文由150分增至180分。现行的高考制度中
A、ThebookwaswrittenbyDavidBaker.B、Wecanfindinformationonabout15countriesinthebook.C、Theprofessorsstartedto
So-called"greenroofs"—urbanrooftopscoveredwithgrasses,plantsandothertypesofgreenery—arebecomingincreasinglypopula
So-called"greenroofs"—urbanrooftopscoveredwithgrasses,plantsandothertypesofgreenery—arebecomingincreasinglypopula
随机试题
切除肾上腺皮质的狗会出现()
我国对外政策的根本立场是
关于药物毒性反应的描述,正确的是()。
根据《城市规划编制办法》的规定,下列不属于控制性详细规划的强制性内容的是()
电影是一种虚拟艺术,历史片并不是书写历史。电影创作必须充分发挥艺术想象力,并进行精心选择与剪裁。电影作品是艺术而不是学术,我们应该给予其__________的宽容,不能过分__________.用学术性的眼光求全责备。填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是
公文的密级需要变更或者解除的,由原确定密级的机关或者其上级机关决定。()
天堂鸟的美直追传说中的凤凰。因为栖息在_________的雨林之中,一般人很难有机会见到这种美丽的鸟儿,很长一段时间内,人们都是根据它的画像来_________它绝美的风采。依次填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是()。
世界银行认为,在知识成为战略性资源之日,发展中国家遇到了迅速赶上发达国家的大好机遇,缩小彼此存在着的技术差距。在电信领域,发展中国家直接采用新技术,实现了电信网络数字化。上述文字没有提及的一项是()。
下列关于一个类的静态成员的描述中,不正确的是(5)。
Fearsofdeatharenotsoextensiveasmightbesupposed.Inapublicopinionpollof1500adults,onlyabout4percentshowede
最新回复
(
0
)