2. 考研
  3. (1) If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 percent of the

(1) If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 percent of the

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问题 (1) If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 percent of the people were country inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. (2)An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by unpaved roads and separated by expanses of forest or swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10000 persons. (3)A second picture, taken in the mid-fourteenth century would show that the villages had grown more numerous and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. (4)There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal that little further expansion had taken place during the preceding hundred years. Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries is prevented by two difficulties. In the first place, we have to examine the greater part of Europe’s 3 750 000 square miles, and not merely the Mediterranean lands. (5)In the second place, the inhabitants of that wide expanse refuse to fit into our standard pattern or to stand still.
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答案 1．如果在11世纪作一项职业调查的话，也许会发现，竟有90%的人住在农村，依靠农耕、放牧、捕鱼或靠采伐谋生。 2．当时如果航拍一张照片的话，可以看到未经铺设的道路连接的散落村子，中间隔着一片片的森林或沼泽。 3．十四世纪中叶所拍的第二张照片可以看到，村庄越来越多了，而且散开了，因为欧洲人通过开辟新的土地，将边疆扩大了。 4．道路上和江海上往来的人多了，他们把粮食或原料运往城镇。城镇的数目多了，规模大了，重要性也增加了。 5．其次，这一广阔地区的居民无法用我们的标准模式去进行划分，他们也不是一成不变。 [题目精解] 注意此段短文翻译中被动语态的翻译，并注意句子之间的连贯性。 1．本句翻译时，要注意条件状语从句中“If an occupation census had been taken…it would…”的翻译，此句为非真实条件句，表达虚拟语气，应译为“如果……的话，也许会……”，同时要注意定语从句“who drew…”的翻译，应翻译为独立的句子。由于英汉两种语言结构类似，应采用对等翻译法直接翻译。 2．本句翻译时，虽然没有条件状语引导词if，但此句所表达的意思相当于非真实条件状语，因此，“…would have revealed…”表达虚拟语气，应译为“如果……的话，就会……”，同时要注意过去分词“taken…”，“unpaved…”和“separated…”的翻译，应视为过去分词做定语。由于英汉两种语言结构类似，应采用对等翻译法直接翻译。 3．本句翻译时，虽然没有条件状语引导词if，但此句所表达的意思相当于非真实条件状语，因此，“would show…”表达虚拟语气，应译为“如果……的话，就会……”，同时要注意过去分词“taken…”的翻译，应视为过去分词做定语。由于英汉两种语言结构类似，应采用对等翻译法直接翻译。 4．本句翻译时，虽然没有条件状语引导词if，但此句所表达的意思相当于非真实条件状语，因此，“would be…”表达虚拟语气，应译为“应该会有……”，同时要注意现在分词“carrying…”的翻译，应视为过去分词做定语，但译成汉语时，采用增词法，要译为一个句子。同时，要注意定语从句“which had…”的翻译，应译为一个独立句。由于英汉两种语言结构类似，应采用对等翻译法直接翻译。
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