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  3. That orientals and occidentals think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past

That orientals and occidentals think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past

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问题     That orientals and occidentals think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades【C1】______Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract【C2】______life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses have been put forward to【C3】______this. One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first obstacle: Japan, an ultra-modern country whose people have【C4】______a collective outlook. A second, that a higher prevalence of【C5】______disease in a place makes contact with【C6】______more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its【C7】______of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea. That【C8】______Thomas Talhelm of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to【C9】______into a third suggestion: that the crucial difference is【C10】______The West’s staple is wheat; the East’s, rice.【C11】______the mechanization of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to【C12】______twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat. To allocate labor【C13】______, especially at times of planting and【C14】______rice-growing societies as far【C15】______as India, Malaysia and Japan all developed【C16】______labor exchanges which let【C17】______rearrange their farms’ schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods. 【C18】______, until recently, almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would【C19】______ a society’s culture and behavior, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to【C20】______their lives.
【C4】
选项 A、doubted
B、retained
C、discarded
D、considered
答案B
解析 上文提及第一种假说：现代化发展促进了个人主义。但在解释时提及这种假说遇到了障碍：日本。可推断，日本的情况与这种假说情况不符。即日本的人生观应是与“个人主义”相反的“保持了集体主义的观念”，故选B项retain“保留”。
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