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  3. Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gyps

Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gyps

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问题     Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were【C1】______ in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply【C2】______ and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call Gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for "man" .
    In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing【C3】______ in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomad-ism.  At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to play their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery. It wasn’t until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million【C4】______  in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been【C5】______  given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.
    【C6】______ , the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct  ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent’s largest【C7】______ The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, but by regimes anxious to downplay their【C8】______  and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may【C9】______  Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own【C10】______ the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. "Romanestan," said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, "is where my two feet stand."
A) unlike                          I) forcibly
B) profile                         J) resemble
C) Nevertheless                    K) minority
D) instinctive                     L) perished
E) heresy                          M) over-count
F) majority                        N) fragmented
G) Therefore                       O) apprehensively
H) shrouded
【C2】
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