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  3. Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Frances

Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Frances

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问题     Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Francesca Bignami, a professor at George Washington University’s law school, says that the explosion of digital technologies has made it impossible for watchdogs to keep a close eye on every web company operating in their backyard. So instead they are relying more on scapegoating prominent wrongdoers in the hope that this will deter others.
    But regulators such as Peter Schaar, who heads Germany’s federal data-protection agency, say the gulf is exaggerated. Some European countries, he points out, now have rules that make companies who suffer big losses of customer data to report these to the authorities. The inspiration for these measures comes from America.
    Yet even Mr. Schaar admits that the internet’s global scale means that there will need to be changes on both sides of the Atlantic. He hints that Europe might adopt a more flexible regulatory stance if America were to create what amounts to an independent data-protection body along European lines. In Europe, where the flagship Data Protection Directive came into effect in 1995, the European Commission is conducting a review of its privacy policies. In America Congress has begun debating a new privacy bill arid the Federal Trade Commission is considering an overhaul of its rules.
    Even if America and Europe do narrow their differences, internet firms will still have to struggle with other data watchdogs. In Asia countries that belong to APEC are trying to develop a set of regional guidelines for privacy rules under an initiative known as the Data Privacy Pathfinder. Some countries such as Australia and New Zealand have longstanding privacy laws, but many emerging nations have yet to roll out fully fledged versions of their own. Mr. Polonetsky sees Asia as "a new privacy battleground", with America and Europe both keen to tempt countries towards their own regulatory model.
    Canada already has something of a hybrid privacy regime, which may explain why its data-protection commissioner, Jennifer Stoddart, has been so influential on the international stage. She marshaled the signatories of the Google Buzz letter and took Facebook to task last year for breaching Canada’s data privacy laws, which led the company to change its policies.
    Ms Stoddart argues that American companies often trip up on data-privacy issues because of "their brimming optimism that the whole world wants what they have rolled out in America." Yet the same optimism has helped to create global companies that have brought huge benefits to consumers, while also presenting privacy regulators with tough choices. Shoehorning such firms into old privacy frameworks will not benefit either them or their users.
The "gulf" (line 1, Para 2) refers to ________.
选项 A、the friction between web companies and regulators
B、the differences between European and American privacy practice
C、the argument between data watchdogs and governments
D、the conflict between customers and companies which disclose data
答案A
解析 根据题干定位到第二段。gulf出现在该段第一句，其意思要从上文去找。第一段第一句指出，横跨大西洋的企业和监管者之间的摩擦越来越深，第二段以转折词But承接上文，说监管者认为企业与监管者之间的gulf被夸大了。由此可见，gulf指上文所说的网络公司与监管者之间的摩擦，故选A项。B项最具干扰性，文章从第三段开始便围绕欧美隐私条例的分歧展开大篇幅论述，但这不是gulf所指的内容，第二段首句的转折词But是紧接上文展开的，由此便可推知gulf应该是指第一段提到的内容，故排除B项。文章没有提监管者与政府之间有争论，也未提到客户与公司之间有冲突，故C项和D项只是利用原文的argument，data watchdogs，customers，companies，data等词制造干扰。
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