首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How the CIA Works [A]Despite plenty of Hollywood films about the CIA and its spies, many people still don’t know what the ag
How the CIA Works [A]Despite plenty of Hollywood films about the CIA and its spies, many people still don’t know what the ag
admin
2016-04-30
48
问题
How the CIA Works
[A]Despite plenty of Hollywood films about the CIA and its spies, many people still don’t know what the agency actually does. The CIA stands for the Central Intelligence Agency. Its primary stated mission is to collect, evaluate and spread foreign intelligence to assist the president and senior United States government policymakers in making decisions about national security. The CIA may also engage in covert(秘密的)action at the president’s request. It doesn’t make policy. It isn’t allowed to spy on the domestic activities of Americans or to participate in assassinations, either— though it has been accused of doing both.
[B]The CIA reports both to the executive and legislative branches. During the CIA’s history, the amount of oversight has ebbed and flowed. On the executive side, the CIA must answer to three groups—the National Security Council, the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board and the Intelligence Oversight Board.
CIA History
[C]The United States has always engaged in foreign intelligence activities. Covert action aided the patriots in winning the Revolutionary War. But the first formal, organized agencies didn’t exist until the 1880s, when the Office of Naval Intelligence and the Army’s Military Intelligence Division were created. Around World War I, the Bureau of Investigation(the forerunner of the FBI)took over intelligence-gathering duties. The intelligence structure continued through several repetitions. For example, the Office of Strategic Services, known as the OSS, was established in 1942 and abolished in 1945.
[D]After World War II, U.S. leaders struggled with how to improve national intelligence. The Pearl Harbor bombing, which brought the United States into World War II, was considered a major intelligence failure.
[E]In 1947, President Harry Truman signed the National Security Act, which created the CIA. The act also created a director of central intelligence, who had three different roles: the president’s principal adviser on security issues, the head of the entire U.S. intelligence community and the head of the CIA, one of the agencies within that intelligence community. This structure was revised in 2004, with the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, which created the position of director of national intelligence to oversee the intelligence community. Now, the director of the CIA reports to the director of national intelligence.
[F]Two years later, Congress passed the Central Intelligence Agency Act, which allows the agency to keep its budget and staffing secret. For many years, the agency’s primary mission was to protect the United States against communism and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. These days, the agency has an even more complex job—to protect the United States from terrorist threats from all over the globe.
CIA Structure
[G]The CIA is broken down into four different teams, each with its own responsibilities. National Clandestine Service is where the so-called "spies" work. NCS employees go undercover abroad to collect foreign intelligence. They recruit agents to collect what is called "human intelligence." What kinds of people work for the NCS? NCS employees are generally well-educated, know other languages, like to work with people from all over the world and can adapt to any situation, including dangerous ones. Most people, including their friends and family members, will never know exactly what NCS employees do. Later we’ll take a look at how the spies stay undercover and check out some of their cool gadgets.
[H]The people on Directorate of Science and Technology team collect overt, or open source, intelligence. Overt intelligence consists of information that appears on TV, on the radio, in magazines or in newspapers. They also use electronic and satellite photography. This team usually recruits people who enjoy science and engineering.
[I]All of the information gathered by the first two teams is turned over to the Directorate of Intelligence. Members of this team interpret the information and write reports about it. A DI employee must have excellent writing and analytical skills, be comfortable presenting information in front of groups and be able to handle deadline pressure.
[J]Directorate of Support team provides support for the rest of the organization and handles things like hiring and training. "The Directorate of Support attracts the person who may be a specialist in a field such as an artist or a finance officer, or a generalist with many different talents," according to the CIA Web site.
Spy Stuff
[K]About a third of the agency’s estimated 20, 000 employees are undercover or have been at some point in their CIA careers, according to a Los Angeles Times story, which explored just how they keep those covers.
[L]Most of the agency’s overseas officers are under official cover, meaning they pose as employees of another government agency, such as the state department. A much smaller number are under nonofficial cover or NOC(pronounced "knock"). This means they usually pose as employees of real international corporations, employees of fake companies or as students. Valerie Plame worked as a NOC, posing as the employee of a shell company in Boston called Brewster-Jennings. NOC is more dangerous than having an official cover, because if NOCs are caught by a foreign intelligence service, they have no diplomatic immunity to protect them from prosecution in that country.
[M]In a newspaper interview, an anonymous source said that he posed as a mid-level executive at multinational corporations while collecting intelligence overseas for more than a decade. He worked several years as a business consultant before joining the agency, giving him a great resume for the NOC program. Senior executives at his covert employer’s were aware of his real job, but his coworkers day-to-day were not. He carried out the normal duties that someone in his cover job would do, once even working on a $2 million deal. However, he also often spent three or four nights a week holding secret meetings.
[N]There is plenty of lore(传说)about the cloak-and-dagger lives that spies lead. Some of it is just that-lore. On the other hand, spies through the years really have used a variety of gadgets and technology to do their jobs. Some are now treasured up at the CIA Museum. Highlights of the museum include:(1)The dead drop spike, a concealment device that has been used since the late 1960s to hide money, maps, documents, microfilm and other items. The spike is waterproof and can be shoved into the ground or placed in a shallow stream to be retrieved later.(2)The Mark IV microdot camera was used to pass documents between agents in East and West Berlin during the 1950s and ’60s. Agents took photographs that were the size of a pinhead and glued them to typed letters. The agent who received the letter could then view the image under a microscope.(3)The silver dollar hollow container is still being used today. It looks like a silver dollar and can be used to hide messages or film.
[O]Though the agency has had its share of failures and scandals, the government still depends heavily on the CIA to provide intelligence and assist with maintaining national security.
At the CIA museum, one can see the silver dollar hollow container, a gadget which is still in use nowadays.
选项
答案
N
解析
根据the CIA museum,silver dollar hollow container和gadget定位到N段。该段提及CIA博物馆陈列的三种装置,空心银元为其中一种。最后两句提到,空心银元如今仍在使用,它看起来像一个银元.可以用来隐藏信息或者胶卷。本题句子对应了原文的信息。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/08G7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
HowCouldYourHobbyBetheKeytoFinancialSuccess?A)Virtuallyeveryonehastheknowledgetheyneedtomakeafortune.Everyo
Iaskedsuccessfulpeoplewhatthesecretoftheirsuccesswas.I【B1】______anearlydiscussionwithavicepresidentofalarge
A、ToreintroducebaldeagleintoAmerica.B、ToconsiderthepossibilityoftakingbaldeagleoutofAmerica.C、Todeletebaldea
A、Theyattendahouse-sitter’sparty.B、Theycheckahouse-sitter’sreferences.C、Theyinterviewahouse-sitter’sfriends.D、The
文房四宝(Thefourtreasuresofchinesestudy),是中国书画的主要工具和材料,它们是笔、墨、纸、砚(inkstone),人们通常称它们为“文房四宝”,是说它们是文人书房中必备的四件宝贝。中国古代文人基本上都能书善画,是离
A、Tocallherfatherincaseofanemergency.B、Tocallherfamilywhenshe’shomesickC、Tokeepclosecontactwithherfriends.
A、60percentof100millionChinesenetizensarebelow24.B、2outof3Chinesenetizensare19yearsold.C、SomeChineseyouth
A、JanetlovesthebeautifullandscapeofAustraliaverymuch.B、Janetisverymuchinterestedinarchitecture.C、Janetadmirest
A、Excellent.B、Irritating.C、Out-dated.D、Exciting.A娱乐休闲类,语义理解题。对话中女士说这个地方很棒,装饰与众不同。男士补充说这里的音乐非常好,他明白了为什么大家都很喜欢他们的派对。由此可知,男士认为音
Gettingbehindthewheelofacarcanbeanexcitingnewstepinateen’slife.Butalongwiththatexcitementcomesanew【B1】__
随机试题
女,36岁,不慎自3米高处坠落,昏迷15分钟后清醒,诉头痛,恶心,呕吐2次,非喷射性,神经系统检查尚无阳性体征发现。在随后的治疗观察过程中出现下列情况,与颅内血肿无关的是
肺癌的基本治疗原则是
甲、乙、丙三人对一架钢琴为共同共有,甲欲将该钢琴卖与丁,下列各项中,甲的卖与行为有效的有()。
用熔断器保护的电压互感器回路,可不验算动、热稳定。()
根据《银行业监督管理法》规定,下列属于中国银监会监管职责的是()。
《蓝色多瑙河》的作者是理查.施特劳斯。
某市拟对城区内约占2000亩地棚户区进行改造。市委市政府组织了大量人力物力进行了调研,经过专家论证,市委讨论研究后,决定分三步实施。在讨论中尤其突出要解决好低收人群体的生活等一系列问题,强调要关注民生、保障民生和改善民生。问:在棚户区改造中,如何做到关注
A、 B、 C、 D、 C
DVD-ROM光盘可存储17GB的信息,比普通CD-ROM光盘的存储容量(650MB)大。DVD-ROM光盘是通过______来提高存储容量的。A.减小读取激光波长,减小光学物镜数值孔径B.增大读取激光波长,增大光学物镜数值孔径C.增大读取激光波长,
要求在页面页脚中显示“第X页,共Y页”,则页脚中的页码“控件来源”应设置为()。
最新回复
(
0
)