首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, ta
admin
2019-09-23
28
问题
If there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavor is surely publicly financed science. Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense. And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects. Barriers to that exchange slow it down.
There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government. Recently it announced that, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online, for anyone to read and redistribute.
Britain’s government is not alone. Soon the European Union followed suit. In the U.S., the National Institutes of Health (NIH, the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world) has required open-access publishing since 2008. And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the world’s second-biggest charitable source of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that those who receive its support should make their work available free.
Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things. One is that their processes take months, when the Internet could enable them to take days. The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down. The publishers thus have scientists — or, more accurately, their universities, which pay the subscriptions — in an armlock. That, combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers) is free, leads to generous returns. In 2011, Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of £768 million on revenues of £2.06 billion — a margin of 37 percent. Indeed, Elsevier’s profits are thought so
egregious
by many people that 12,000 researchers have signed up to boycott the company’s journals.
Publishers do provide a service. They organize peer reviews, in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts (though those experts, like the authors of papers, are seldom paid for what they do). They also sort the scientific sheep from the goats, by deciding what gets published, and where. That gives the publishers huge power. Since researchers, administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism, the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing, increasing the value of those journals still further.
But not, perhaps, for much longer. Support has been swelling for open-access scientific publishing: doing it online, in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge. The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are paying attention and asking whether they might also benefit from the change.
Much remains to be worked out. Some fear the loss of the traditional journals’ curation and verification of research. Even Sir Mark Walport, the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce advocate of open-access publication, worries that the newly liberated papers have ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way they want.
A revolution, then, has begun. Technology permits it; researchers and politicians want it. If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.
The word "egregious" underlined in Paragraph 4 means______.
选项
A、somewhat unfavorable
B、rather unnecessary
C、strikingly unavailable
D、clearly bad
答案
D
解析
语义题。根据上下文可知,人们对于Elsevier的过高获利极为不满,因此egregious应为贬义,而且程度比较强烈。因该句主语是Elsevier所获得的利润,首先可以排除C(完全无法获得)和B(完全没必要),而A(有点不利的)程度不够,意义也不符合题意。通过排除法,正确答案为D(显然是不正当的)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/0AMO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Asalways,IampleasedtobehereattheNationalPressClubformy【L1】______Speech.ThisistheseventhtimeIhavehadthe【L2
A、tothelocalgovernmentB、intothecountryinwhichtheyhavebeenbuiltC、abroadD、tothelocalinhabitantsC推理判断题。关于一些旅馆的利润,
A、unbelievableB、confusingC、surprisedD、baffledB观点态度的找寻和判断。根据原文WhyCambridgeshouldtopsuchanunhealthyleaguetablehasbaf
A、SecretaryofStateforHealth.B、Liverpool.C、PatrickTate.D、AcompanynamedCACI.D特定信息的找寻和判断。根据原文PatrickTate,principalres
A、Oneshouldprophisheadwithhiselbowsonthetable.B、Oneshouldholdanextranapkin.C、Oneshouldbeuprightinhischair
StockMarketVocabularyandExpressionsdebtmarketliquidinvestmentup-and-comingcounterpartyliquidityim
FightingAgainstHungerVocabularyandExpressionsmicronutrientsroadmapdonoragenciessmallholderfoodsecurityp
Thereportbelievesthatsomecompaniestendtofalsifyabloodtestresult.
Scientistswouldbetherefor13monthstodocumentthreatstotheecosystemoftheSouthernOcean.
随机试题
细菌对β一内酰胺类抗生素产生耐药性的机制不正确的是
卵子何时完成第1次成熟分裂
A、影响蛋白质的合成和功能B、直接破坏DNA结构C、干扰核酸生物合成D、干扰生物碱合成E、影响体内激素平衡甲氨蝶呤的抗癌作用机制
在沥青路面施工中,应浇洒粘层沥青的有()。
下列不属分区分类规划的方法的是()。
下列各项属于备货作业效率评价指标的有()。
在足球运动中,个人进攻战术包括跑位、传球、运球突破和射门。()
某金店发生偷盗事件,现有如下线索可供判断:①甲、乙、丙三人至少有一个人是小偷;②如甲是小偷,则乙定是同犯;③盗窃发生时,乙正在和朋友打牌。由此可以推出()是小偷。
PASSAGEONEBeforetheBattleofNormandy,bywhomwasNormandyoccupied?
Recently,somepeopleareinterestedinnaturalfoodsbecause______.Chickenskeptinthiswayarenotonlytastelessasfood,
最新回复
(
0
)