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Hearing loss is normally associated with old age or years of touring in a rock band. But preventable noise-induced hearing loss

admin2019-08-08  41
问题    Hearing loss is normally associated with old age or years of touring in a rock band. But preventable noise-induced hearing loss is actually pretty common in the general population, affecting around 15% of Americans according to the National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders (NIDCD).
   When that damage is done to the sensory hair cells in the ear, people can’t regenerate them, so the damage is permanent, explains John Oghalai, professor of otolaryngology at Stanford University and director of the Children’s Hearing Center at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford. 【F1】While there is ongoing research into finding ways to regenerate sensory hair cells and improve cochlear (耳蜗) implants, there is no perfect solution to hearing loss right now, which makes the need to lessen our exposure to loud noise that much more important.
   Even if New Yorkers can avoid loud restaurants, 5.7 million people travel by subway each weekday. 【F2】While the noise inside a subway car is only 75-85 decibels (分贝)—provided no one is shouting and there are no performers—the noise of a train passing the station is another matter. In Times Square, one of the busiest subway stations in the city, the noise level ranges from 80 decibels to 96 decibels when the express trains barrel through the station.
   Everyday city noises are impossible to avoid but there are a few things people can do to help prevent from hearing damage. It can be a good idea to use foam earplugs if you are stuck waiting for the express train. The same rule applies to loud concerts, says Oghalai.
   【F3】For headphones, there is a simple rule: if you can hear someone else’s music when they have them on, the volume is too loud, Oghalai says. For eating out, there are now noise ratings included in many restaurant reviews.
   Companies like Apple provide a function to limit the maximum volume on their devices if you are concerned as well.
   【F4】From daily commutes, to eating out to sitting in your apartment and hearing the honking of cars from a sixth-storey window, New York is full of noise no matter where you go.
   But for those who can get out of the city, there is somewhere nearby they can go for quiet. 【F5】In the suburbs, the sound inside a house in upstate New York with the soothing hum of central air and two elderly dogs panting in the background is a relaxing 33 decibels.
【F1】
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答案人们虽然一直在寻找让听觉毛细胞再生的办法，也一直致力于改善耳蜗移植的技术，但是到目前为止，仍没有找到解决听力损失的最佳方法。这让人们减少暴露在噪音嘈杂环境的需求更为紧迫。
解析 ①本句是主从复合句，包含一个让步状语从句和一个非限定性定语从句。②While引导的让步状语从句与主句句型结构一致，都包含了there be结构，前后对仗工整。to引导的不定式短语是宾语the need的后置定语，补充说明宾语the need的内容。sensory hair cells意为“听觉毛细胞”，cochlear implants意为“耳蜗移植”。③which引导的非限制性定语从句，which既是引导词，又在从句中充当主语。此从句修饰的是前面句子所述的内容。
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