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  3. Cultural tendencies impact the way children participate in education. There are different expectations about “normal” school beh

Cultural tendencies impact the way children participate in education. There are different expectations about “normal” school beh

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问题     Cultural tendencies impact the way children participate in
education. There are different expectations about “normal” school
behavior for students from individualist and collectivist cultures. Take a
moment to think about what teachers who lack knowledge about culture【S1】________
might interpret the behavior of a child from a collectivist culture. These
differences may cause educators inaccurately judge students from some【S2】________
cultures as poorly behaved or disrespectful. In addition, because cultural
differences are hard to perceive, students may find them reprimanded by【S3】________
teachers but fail to understand what they did that caused concern.
    The influence of culture in beliefs about education, the value of【S4】________
education, and participation styles cannot be overestimated. Many Asian
students, for example, tend to be quiet in class, and using eye contact【S5】________
with teachers is considered inappropriate fur many of these children. In
contrast, most European American children are taught to value active
classroom discussion and to look teachers directly in the eyes to show【S6】________
respect, while their teachers view students’ participation as a signal of【S7】________
engagement and competence.
    Another contrast involves the role of Hispanic parents in education.
Parents from some Hispanic cultures tend to regard teachers as experts
and will often refer educational decision making to them. In contrast, 【S8】________
European American parents are often more actively involved in their
children’s classrooms, are visible in the classrooms, or volunteer and
assist teachers. These cultural differences in value and belief may cause
educators to make accurate judgments regarding the value that【S9】________
non-European American families place on education. While it is
important to keep in the mind that different cultural groups tend to follow【S10】________
particular language and interaction styles, there is tremendous variability
within cultural groups.  
【S8】
选项
答案refer—defer
解析 词义混淆。该句意为“……甚至会在教育决策方面听从于他们。”“defer…to…”为固定搭配，意思是“听从于……，服从于……”，符合句意，而“refer…to…”意为“提交，介绍”，不符合句意，故将refer改为defer。
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