2. 外语
  3. The price we pay for this salutary change is, no doubt, great. We assemble thousands of operative in the factory, and in the min

The price we pay for this salutary change is, no doubt, great. We assemble thousands of operative in the factory, and in the min

admin2005-11-28  69
问题     The price we pay for this salutary change is, no doubt, great. We assemble thousands of operative in the factory, and in the mine, of whom the employer can know little or nothing, and to whom he is little better than a myth. All intercourse between them is at an end. Rigid castes are formed, and, as usual, mutual ignorance breeds mutual distrust. Each case is without sympathy with the other, and ready to credit anything disparaging in regard to it.(76)Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently, and often there is friction between the employer and the employed, between capital and labor, between rich and poor. Human society loses homogeneity.
     (77)The price Which society pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is also great, but the advantages of this law are greater still than its cost, for it is to this law that we owe our wonderful material development, which brings improved conditions in its train. But, whether the law be benign or not, we must say of it, as we say of the change in the conditions of men to which we have referred.
    It is here; we cannot evade it; of the effect of any new substitutes for it proposed we can not be sure;(78)and while the law may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department.(79)We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment: the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial to the future progress of the race. Having accepted these, it follows that there must be great scope for the expertise of special ability in the merchant and in the manufacturer who has to conduct affairs upon great scale.(80)That this talent for organization and management is rare among men is proved by the fact that it invariably secures enormous regards for its possessors, no matter where or under what laws or condition.
(77)
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答案就像支付给廉价的舒适品和奢侈品的代价一样，社会支付给竞争法的代价也是昂贵的：但是竞争法的益处高于它的代价，因为正是这种竞争法，我们才能拥有如此的物质发展，带来生活水平的改善。
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