People who grew up in America and Western Europe have become used to the idea that the West dominates the world economy. In fact

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问题     People who grew up in America and Western Europe have become used
to the idea that the West dominates the world economy. In fact, it is normal【M1】____________
that a group of 30-odd countries with a small fraction of the world’s
population should be calling the shots. For most of human history,
economic power has been determined in demography.  In 1700, the world’s【M2】____________
biggest economy (and leading cotton producer) was India, of a population【M3】____________
of 165m, followed by China, with 138m.  Britain’s 8. 6m people produced
less than 3% of the world’s input. Even in 1820, as the industrial  【M4】____________
revolution in Britain was gathering pace, the two Asian giants still counted【M5】____________
for half the world’s GDP.
    The spread of purpose-built manufactories like Quarry Bank Mill separated
economic power and population, increasingly so as the West got richer. Be【M6】____________
able to make a lot of more stuff with fewer workers meant that even a small【M7】____________
country could be a giant economic power.  By 1870, the average income in
Britain was six times larger than India.  But by the eve of the first world【M8】____________
war, Britain’s income per head had been overtaken by it of America, the【M9】____________
20th century’s great power.
    America remains the world’s biggest economy,  but that status is in【M10】___________
threat from a resurgent China.  With hindsight, its change in fortune can be traced to 1976.
【M10】

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