2. 考研
  3. 历史研究的方法论 ——1999年英译汉及详解 【F1】While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most c

历史研究的方法论 ——1999年英译汉及详解 【F1】While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most c

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问题 历史研究的方法论
——1999年英译汉及详解
【F1】While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.
【F2】Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past. Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.【F3】During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.【F4】There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of "tunnel method", frequently fall victim to the"technicist fallacy". Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
【F5】It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.
【F3】
选项
答案在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
解析 本句考查的重点是：代词的指代、词义确定、被动语态、过去分词作后置定语。 该句为简单句，其主干是…methods were argumented by…methodologies designed to…，翻译时可以将被动语态译成主动形式：by后面带的宾语additional methodologies…作译文中的主语，原来的主语traditional historical methods则作译文中的宾语。this transfer指的是上文中提到的转变的内容，此处可译为“在这种转变当中”。designed to…study是过去分词短语作定语修饰additional methodologies。
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