首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In 1637 the French philosopher-mathematician Rene Descartes predicted that it would never be possible to make a machine that thi
In 1637 the French philosopher-mathematician Rene Descartes predicted that it would never be possible to make a machine that thi
admin
2010-07-06
62
问题
In 1637 the French philosopher-mathematician Rene Descartes predicted that it would never be possible to make a machine that thinks as humans do. In 1950, the British mathematician and computer pioneer Alan Turing declared that one day there would be a machine that could duplicate human intelligence in every way and prove it by passing a specialized test. In this test, a computer and a human hidden from view would be asked random identical questions. If the computer were successful, the questioner would be unable to distinguish the machine from the person by the answers.
Inspired by Turing’s theory, the first conference on AI convened at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire in 1956. Soon afterwards an Al laboratory was started at Massachusetts Institute of Technology by John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky, two of the nation’s leading AI proponents. McCarthy also invented the Al computer language, Lisp; but by the early 1990s Al itself had not been achieved. However, logic programs called expert systems allow computers to "make decisions" by interpreting data and selecting from among alternatives. Technicians can run programs used in complex medical diagnosis, language translation, mineral exploration, and even computer design.
Machinery can outperform humans physically. So, too, can computers outperform mental functions in limited areas—notably in the speed of mathematical calculations. For example, the fastest computers developed are able to perform roughly 10 billion calculations per second. But making more powerful computers will probably not be the way to create a machine capable of passing the Turing test. Computer programs operate according to set procedures, or logic steps, called algorithms. In addition, most computers do serial processing; operations of recognition and computation are performed one at a time. The brain works in a manner called parallel processing, performing operations simultaneously. To achieve simulated parallel processing, some supercomputers have been made with multiple processors to follow several algorithms at the same time.
Critics of this approach insist that solving a computation does not indicate understanding, something a person who solved a problem would have. Human reasoning is not based solely on roles of logic. It involves perception, awareness, emotional preferences, values, evaluating experience, the ability to generalize and weigh options, and more. Some proponents of AI have, therefore, suggested that computers should be patterned after the human brain, which essentially consists of a network of nerve cells.
By the early 1990s, the closest approximation to Al was a special silicon chip built to behave like a human brain cell. It was modeled after the internal workings of neurons in the human cerebral cortex. Unlike the conventional silicon chip, which works in digital mode, the new silicon chip works in analog mode, much the way a human brain cell works.
In what way is the computer superior to the human brain?
选项
A、It calculates much faster.
B、It is more logical.
C、It does better on the Turing test.
D、It can perform several operations simultaneously.
答案
A
解析
本题考查细节理解。参看第三段第二句。这里outperform是一个超纲词,但根据构同法可以推断出其意思是“胜过”,因为out作前缀有“超过”之意,如outdo“超越,胜过”outrun“跑得快”。这里 outperform与题干中的be superior是同义词,因此,选项A “计算机的计算速度要比人脑快得多”就和原文中的“computers outperform mental functions…in the speed of mathematical calculations”相吻合,是同—种意思的另一种说法。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/0hDd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?
Supermarketshoppershaveneverbeenmorespoiltforchoice.Butjustwhenwethoughttraditionalsystemsofselectivefarmingh
Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoil
Aslongasherparentscanremember,13-year-oldKatieHarthasbeentalkingaboutgoingtocollege.Hermother,Tally,afinanc
Accordingtothewoman,whatgovernstheclotheswewear?
Accordingtothespeaker,whatareconveniencegoods?
TherecentsocialandeconomicchangesintheUShavegreatimpactonalltheAmericanhousingsystem.
Inwhicharticle(s)does(do)theauthor(s)providethefactthatcountriesvaryintheirconceptofadulthood?【P1】__
Artwasherfavoritesubjectatschool,butshedidadegreeingeography.
Supermarketshoppershaveneverbeenmorespoiltforchoice.Butjustwhenwethoughttraditionalsystemsofselectivefarmingh
随机试题
PASSAGEONE(1)Cheatinginsportisasoldassportitself.TheathletesofancientGreeceusedpotionstofortifythemsel
关节发育不全是婴儿运动系统的特点之一。()
给出的DNA序列为某基因有义链中一段突变“热点”,也是编码21~25氨基酸:5’一CCC一CCT一AGG一TTC一AGG一3’下列哪个序列为移码突变并致蛋白质合成终止(TAG一终止密码子)
一食物中毒病人,表现为恶心、呕吐、视物模糊,继而呼吸困难、发绀、昏迷,检查有视神经和视网膜受损。此病人的诊断很可能是
董事会和高级管理层切实承担起政策制定、政策实施以及监督合规操作的职能,是商业银行实施有效风险管理的基础。()
中国公民和外国公民,凡遵守宪法和法律,热爱教育事业,具有良好的思想品德,具备《中华人民共和国教师法》规定的学历或者经国家教师资格考试合格,有教育教学能力,经认定合格的,可以取得教师资格。()
关于人类探月,下列说法不正确的是()。
领导签发公文时,若采用圈阅方式,视为同意。()
7,15,29,59,117,()。
崔某身穿警服,冒充交通民警,乘坐何某的出租车。车行至市郊时,崔某持假枪抢走何某人民币1500元,将何某一脚踹出车外,使何某身受重伤,崔某趁机将车开走。本案中属于抢劫罪法定加重情节的有哪些?()
最新回复
(
0
)