首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1)Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, that they cannot be bothered to make any more decis
(1)Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, that they cannot be bothered to make any more decis
admin
2019-03-25
41
问题
(1)Most people have experienced the feeling, after a taxing mental work-out, that they cannot be bothered to make any more decisions. If they are forced to, they may do so intuitively, rather than by reasoning. Such apathy is often put down to tiredness, but a study published recently in Psychological Science suggests there may be more to it than that. Whether reason or intuition is used may depend simply on the decision-maker’s blood-sugar level—which is, itself, affected by the process of reasoning.
(2)E.J. Masicampo and Roy Baumeister of Florida State University discovered this by doing some experiments on that most popular of laboratory animals, the impoverished undergraduate. They asked 121 psychology students who had volunteered for the experiment to watch a silent video of a woman being interviewed that had random words appearing in bold black letters every ten seconds along the perimeter of the video. This was the part of the experiment intended to be mentally taxing. Half of the students were told to focus on the woman, to try to understand what she was saying, and to ignore the words along the perimeter. The other half were given no instructions. Those that had to focus were exerting considerable self-control not to look at the random words.
(3)When the video was over, half of each group was given a glass of lemonade with sugar in it and half was given a glass of lemonade with sugar substitute. Twelve minutes later, when the glucose from the lemonade with sugar in it had had time to enter the students’ blood, the researchers administered a decision-making task that was designed to determine if the participant was using intuition or reason to make up his mind.
(4)The students were asked to think about where they wanted to live in the coming year and given three accommodation options that varied both in size and distance from the university campus. Two of the options were good, but in different ways: one was far from the campus, but very large: the other was close to campus, but smaller. The third option was a decoy, similar to one of the good options, but obviously not quite as good. If it was close to campus and small, it was not quite as close as the good close option and slightly smaller. If it was far from campus and large, it was slightly smaller than the good large option and slightly farther away.
(5)Psychologists have known for a long time that having a decoy option in a decision-making task draws people to choose a reasonable option that is similar to the decoy. Dr. Masicampo and Dr. Baumeis-ter suspected that students who had been asked to work hard during the video and then been given a drink without any sugar in it would be more likely to rely on intuition when making this decision than those from the other three groups. And that is what happened: 64% of them were swayed by the decoy. Those who had either not had to exert mental energy during the showing of the video or had been given glucose in their lemonade, used reason in their decision-making task and were less likely to be swayed by the decoy.
(6)It is not clear why intuition is independent of glucose. It could be that humans inherited a default nervous system from other mammals that was similar to intuition, and that could make snap decisions about whether to fight or flee regardless of how much glucose was in the body.
(7)Whatever the reason, the upshot seems to be that thinking is, indeed, hard work. And important decisions should not be made on an empty stomach.
Which group of students tended to be swayed by the decoy, according to the study?
选项
A、The no-watching-instructions group that had been given glucose in their lemonade.
B、The no-watching-instructions group having been given sugar substitute in their lemonade.
C、The mental-energy-exerting group that had been given glucose in their lemonade.
D、The mental-energy-exerting group that had been given sugar substitute in their lemonade.
答案
D
解析
第5段第2句中的students who had been asked to work hard实际指的就是mental-energy exerting students,D的内容是原文该句的同义表达,符合题意,故选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/0jEK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
HomeschoolingI.【T1】_____【T1】______—Require【T2】_____【T2】______—Childwhogetseasilyfrustratedisdifficulttobehomeschoo
ShouldYouLearnThai?HereareeightfeaturesaboutThailanguagetohelpstudentsdecidewhethertheywanttolearnThaiorno
GlobalLanguageI.WHAT?Learnedandspokeninternationally【T1】______:【T1】______-thenumberofnativeandsecondlang
ThreeConceptsinArtHistoryI.Commonalities-Certainchunkof【T1】_____,【T1】______withinwhich【T2】_____wereshared【T2】_____
InterculturalCommunicationProblemsandSolutionsI.InterculturalCommunicationProblemsA.Stereotyping—Definition:aselec
DifferencesBetweenChineseCulturesandAmericanCulturesI.GeneraldifferencesA.History—China:atraditionalcenturies-ol
在整顿和规范市场经济秩序中,依法严惩了假冒伪劣食品、药品等严重危害人民生命健康的犯罪活动,以及偷税骗税、金融诈骗、走私和传销等严重犯罪活动,维护了人民群众的合法权益。加大了查办和预防职务犯罪的力度,集中力量对贪污受贿犯罪的大案要案深挖严查,严厉惩处。对充当
Toacomparativeeducationalistmanyquestionsabouttheselectionandtrainingofdoctorsandlawyersindifferentcountries
PASSAGEONEWhat’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?
Thedayswhenjournalismwaslimitedtoobtainingpressbriefingsandwritingfirsthandaccountofhappeningsinthe【M1】______
随机试题
受精卵开始着床一般开始于受精的第( )。
压力容器的使用寿命主要取决于做好压力容器的维护保养工作。下列关于压力容器的维护保养说法中,错误的是()。
背景:某地政府委托某房地产开发公司代建办公楼工程,地下1层,地上16层,建筑面积22200m2。共有甲、乙、丙、丁等8家施工单位报名参加投标。最终乙施工单位中标,并于2013年8月1日与某房地产开发公司按照《建设工程施工合同(示范文本)》(G卜一
下列有关建设工程担保的描述中,正确的是()。
可可碱
与资产负债表中记录的应付账款是被审计单位应当履行的现时义务目标对应的财务报表认定是()。
学生个体身心发展的顺序性是指处于一定社会环境和教育中的某个年龄阶段的青少年儿童,其身心发展的顺序、过程、速度都大体相同。()
气质有好坏之分,性格无好坏之分。()
genomicvariation
(With)a(genuine)Oxfordaccent,she(could)(pass)asanativeEnglishspeakereasily.
最新回复
(
0
)