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Wherever people have been, they have left waste behind, which can cause all sorts of problems. Waste often stinks, attracts verm

admin2014-06-13  91
问题     Wherever people have been, they have left waste behind, which can cause all sorts of problems. Waste often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepted disposal methods’ have thus far been developed.
    Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $150 billion on industrial waste. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste.
    Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycled.
    Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear.
    Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up after themselves and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.
    That may sound simple enough, but governments seldom get the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes. California, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive.
Many recycling firms are disappointed now for the reason that
选项 A、clever new technologies are updating too quickly to bring any profit.
B、they will have no resources to use in a world without waste in the future.
C、low prices for recycling products leave little margin to make money.
D、governments are reluctant to give financial help to survive the crisis.
答案C
解析 推理判断题。第四段末提到，垃圾公司宣称如果没有政府的援助，它们也要走向绝路了。为何先前还夸耀能让垃圾消失的这些公司需要政府援助呢?究其原因，乃前面提到的由回收的垃圾所生产出来的纸张、塑料等价格下跌。这样一来，它们能赚的钱自然就少了，故选[C]。[A]“具有独创性的新技术更新太快，以致无利可图”、[B]“未来世界没有垃圾，他们也就没有了资源”是对第三段最后两句的错误理解，可以较容易排除；文章并未提出政府“拒绝”给予垃圾公司财政支助，排除[D]。
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