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  3. The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying(欺侮)could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study. And

The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying(欺侮)could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study. And

admin2019-09-01  37
问题     The age at which kids first fall victim to bullying(欺侮)could influence how strongly they are affected, suggests a new study. And, surprisingly, it is not the youngest kids who are hurt the most in the long term. Bullying can have long-lasting effects, but particularly when it begins in adolescence(青春期), the researchers say.
    People subjected to either oral or physical bullying are known to be at greater risk for developing depression, anxiety disorders or to behave violently. But not everyone reacts in this way. Children bullied for the first time before they hit adolescence seem to get over it, but those who are victimised for the first time late on in adolescence seem to become more aggressive or are more likely to turn to drink as a means of coping. These are the conclusions of psychologist Matthew Newman and colleagues from the University of Texas at Austin, US.
    The team gave questionnaires to nearly 1500 college students regarding their experience of physical and psychological bullying before adolescence—before high school—and in late adolescence—at high school. They assessed mood and mental state, judging by signs of anxiety or depression, such as sleeplessness. The group was also questioned about how they would react to certain challenges, such as being embarrassed or provoked.
    People who were bullied all revealed slightly higher levels of stress. But while those bullied earlier in life seemed to respond normally to provocation, people bullied for the first time late in adolescence are more withdrawn and sensitive to violence.
    The best solution was strong social support, whether from friends, family or school. Those with no one to share their problems with suffered the most.
    So perhaps it is best not to shelter children completely from bullying early on, suggests Newman. "They may get stressed, but unhealthy coping really jumps out when they are bullied for the first time later on." The effects are likely to be related to the developing stress hormone system, which matures during adolescence, he concludes. Studies show abnormal stress responses in adult animals that experience social stress or aggression from other animals during adolescence.
According to Newman, why people bullied for the first time in adolescence suffer most?
选项 A、Their stress hormone system is fully developed then.
B、Their parents mistakenly shelter them from bullying.
C、They usually lack social support.
D、They do not turn to proper solutions.
答案A
解析 该句中的The effects代指受侮辱的经历对人的影响，该句提到这影响与压力荷尔蒙系统的形成相关，而该系统是在青春期成熟的。由此推断，压力荷尔蒙的成熟与为什么在青春期受到首次侮辱产生最严重的影响相关，A中的is fully developed与mature同义，故为正确答案。
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